功能性构音障碍和构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童辅音错误模式的研究  

Consonant Error Patterns in Children with Functional Dysarthria and Dysarthria with Language Retardation

作　　者：林珍萍 陈卓铭[1] 李钰嫦 李娜 刘志美 谢娴 李丹[1] LIN Zhenping;CHEN Zhuoming;LI Yuchang;LI Na;LIU Zhimei;XIE Xian;LI Dan(The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510630,China;The Medicine Department of Jinggangshan University,Ji'an,Jiangxi 343000,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学附属第一医院,广东广州510630 [2]井冈山大学医学部,江西吉安343000

出　　处：《康复学报》2019年第6期10-15,共6页Rehabilitation Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究项目(A2018325);高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(16JJD190003);中国残联课题(CJFJRRB22-2019)

摘　　要：目的:研究功能性构音障碍和构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童的辅音错误模式的分布特点、错误模式及形成特征,为设计语言、构音的康复方案提供理论指导。方法:选取31例功能性构音障碍和构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童为研究对象,收集构音障碍诊治仪中受试者的错误辅音进行分析,分别计算患儿6个发音部位(唇音、舌尖前音、舌尖中音、舌尖后音、舌根音、舌面音)和5个发音方法(塞音、塞擦音、擦音、鼻音、边音)的辅音错误率。结果:发音部位上,16例功能性构音障碍儿童辅音错误率分别是21.87%、64.58%、46.03%、87.50%、31.25%、50.00%,15例构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童辅音错误率分别是25.01%、80.00%、48.89%、90.57%、33.33%、53.33%;功能性构音障碍错误率最高的辅音均集中在舌尖后音(87.50%),构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童错误率最高的辅音均集中在舌尖前音(80.00%),2组儿童错误率最低的辅音均集中在唇音,分别是21.87%和25.01%;4种辅音错误类型(替代、省略、歪曲、未习得)中,错误率最高者为替代性错误,2组儿童未习得率均低;功能性构音障碍儿童替代性错误较高的是舌尖前音(39.58%)和舌尖后音(39.06%),省略性错误最高的是舌尖后音(7.81%),歪曲性错误较高的是舌尖后音(35.94%);构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童,上述6个发音部位的替代性错误较高的是舌尖前音(55.56%)、舌尖后音(33.96%)、舌面音(33.33%),省略性错误较高的是舌面音(8.89%)、舌尖后音(7.55%),歪曲性错误较高的是舌尖后音(35.85%)。发音方法上,功能性构音障碍儿童辅音错误率分别是35.42%、40.63%、54.17%、9.38%、81.25%,构音障碍伴语言发育迟缓儿童辅音错误率分别是35.56%、73.33%、57.78%、33.34%、60.00%;4种辅音错误类型中,功能性构音障碍儿童替代性错误较高的是边音(56.25%),省略性错误较高的是边音(6.25%),歪曲性错误最高的是塞擦�Objective: To study the distribution and formation characteristics of consonant error patterns in functional dysarthria children and dysarthria with language retardation children, and provide some theoretical guidances for the rehabilitation program of dysarthria. Methods: A total of 31 functional dysarthria children and dysarthria with language retardation children, were chosed as the research subjects. The wrong consonants of the subjects in the dysarthria diagnosis and treatment equipment were collected and analyzed. The children’s consonant error rate of six pronunciation positions(labial consonant, blade-alveolar consonant, blade-alveolar consonant, blade-palatal consonant, lingual root consonant and lingual surface consonant) and five phonetic methods(plosive consonant, affricate consonant, fricative consonant, nasal consonant and lateral consonant) were calculated. Results: In the pronunciation location, the rate of consonant errors in 16 functional dysarthria children was 21.87%, 64.58%, 46.03%, 87.50%, 31.25% and 50.00% respectively. The rate of consonant errors in 15 dysarthria with language retardation children was 25.01%, 80.00%, 48.89%, 90.57%,33.33% and 53.33% respectively. The highest error rate of the consonants in functional dysarthria children was blade-palatal consonant(87.50%), the highest error rate of the consonants in dysarthria with language retardation children was blade-alveolar consonant(80.00%), and the lowest error rate of consonants of children in the two groups were labial consonant, which were 21.87% and 25.01%of consonant errors. In the children’s consonant error type(substitution, ellipsis, distortion and unlearned), the highest error rate of the consonants were substitution, and the lowest error rate of the consonants were unlearned. The functional dysarthria children’s higher error rates of substitution were blade-alveolar consonant(39.58%) and blade-palatal consonant(39.06%). The highest error rate of ellipsis was blade-palatal consonant(7.81%). The highest error rate of

关 键 词：构音障碍 语言发育迟缓 儿童 辅音 错误模式 

分 类 号：R767.92[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]