希罗多德《历史》与“东方-西方”观的起源  

The History of Herodotus and the Origin of “East-West” View

作　　者：王向远[1] Wang Xiangyuan(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University Beijing 100001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《衡阳师范学院学报》2020年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Hengyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“‘东方学’体系建构与中国的东方学研究”（14ZDB083）

摘　　要：古希腊历史学创始人希罗多德的《历史》,最早明确站在“欧罗巴-亚细亚”或“东方-西方”二元区分的立场上,以公元前6至5世纪希波战争为中心,记述了东西方的历史,描述了西方与东方的国际关系,探讨了希波战争发生的缘由。在希罗多德看来,战争的胜败取决于命运与神意,更取决于国家政体的性质。希腊人的敬畏诸神和波斯人的肆意渎神,希腊的共和政体、民主政治与波斯的君主独裁,是导致希腊以弱胜强、波斯恃强而败的根本原因。而希腊与波斯政体的根本不同,也是“东方-西方”政治文化的分水岭,并为后来亚里士多德、孟德斯鸠等欧洲思想家加以演绎和发挥。To extract the History of Herodotus,founder of ancient Greek history,the first clear stand on the position of“Europa-Asia”or“East-West”duality,with the Hippo War in the 6th to 5th century BC as the center,the history of East and West is described,the international relations between the West and the East are described,and the reasons for the Hippo War are discussed.In Herodotus’s view,the victory and defeat of war depended on fate and divine intention,and more on the nature of the state of government.The Greeks were in awe of the gods and the Persia,and the Greek republic,democracy and Persian monarchy were the root causes of Greece’s defeat with weakness and Persian strength.The fundamental difference between Greece and the Persian regime is also the watershed of the“East-West”political culture,and it is interpreted and played by European thinkers such as Aristotle and Montesquieu.

关 键 词：东方学 东方-西方 希罗多德 《历史》 

分 类 号：K107.8[历史地理—历史学]