13种茎叶处理除草剂对不同生育期白花鬼针草的生物活性  

Bioactivity test of 13 post-emergence herbicides on Bidens alba at different growth stages

作　　者：吴丹丹[1] 冯莉[1] 郭文磊 田兴山[1] WU Dandan;FENG Li;GUO Wenlei;TIAN Xingshan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2019年第4期306-312,共7页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD08B02);广东省农业科学院科技人才引进/培养专项(2018)

摘　　要：【目的】白花鬼针草是一种恶性外来入侵杂草,近年来已侵入农田,对农业生产及生态系统带来严重危害.为筛选防治白花鬼针草的有效除草剂,分析评价了13种常见茎叶处理除草剂对幼苗期和成株期白花鬼针草的防治效果.【方法】采用整株盆栽法,在白花鬼针草幼苗期(2~3对叶期)和成株期(6~7对叶期)分别进行茎叶喷雾处理,每种除草剂设置3个剂量.【结果】供试的13种除草剂中,灭生性除草剂草甘膦、草铵膦和敌草快对幼苗期和成株期的白花鬼针草防效达到100%.选择性除草剂中,麦草畏和辛酰溴苯腈对幼苗期和成株期的白花鬼针草均有较好的防效,三氯吡氧乙酸、乙羧氟草醚和氯吡嘧磺隆在高剂量下对幼苗期的白花鬼针草有较好的防除效果,但对成株期的白花鬼针草防效较差,氯氟吡氧乙酸、乳氟禾草灵、灭草松、二氯吡啶酸、乙氧氟草醚对幼苗期和成株期白花鬼针草防效均较差.【结论】白花鬼针草对多种化学除草剂具有较强的耐药性,生育期对除草剂防除白花鬼针草的效果有较大影响.灭生性除草剂草甘膦、草铵膦、敌草快及选择性除草剂辛酰溴苯腈和麦草畏适用于防除白花鬼针草.[Aim] Bidens alba is a troublesome invasive weed which has recently invaded farmland causing serious harm to agri cultural production and natural ecosystems in China. In order to select effective herbicides against B. alba the activity of 13 post e mergence herbicides on B. alba at seedling and adult stages were evaluated. [Method] Herbicides were applied to the plants at seed ling (2-3 pairs of leaves) and adult (6-7 pairs of leaves)stages respectively with three dosages per herbicide. [Result] The three nonselective herbicides glyphosate glufosinate ammonium and diquat could completely control (100% mortality rate) B. al ba at either growth stages. Among the selective herbicides dicamba and bromoxynil octanoate could effectively control B. alba at seedling and adult stage. When triclopyr fluoroglycofen and halosulfuron methyl were used at high doses they showed relatively good effecton B. alba at seedling stage but poor against adult B. alba. Fluroxypyr lactofen bentazon clopyralidand oxyfluorfen showed very poor control effect on both seedling and adult plants. [Conclusion] B. alba had strong tolerance to various herbicides. Growth stage had a great influence on the reaction of B. albato herbicides. The nonselective (glyphosate glufosinate ammonium and diquat) and selective herbicides (dicamba and bromoxynil octanoate) were suitable for controlling B. alba.

关 键 词：白花鬼针草 除草剂 生育期 防除效果 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]