日本“地产地消”战略推进的路径、经验及成效  

Route , experience and effectiveness of Japan’ s local production and local consumption strategy

作　　者：马健 MA Jian

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学江西经济发展研究院 [2]江西师范大学中日韩合作研究中心

出　　处：《世界农业》2020年第1期81-90,131,共11页World Agriculture

基　　金：江西省教育科学“十三五”规划2016年度项目(16YB034)

摘　　要：乡村振兴战略的提出,预示着中国农业农村现代化步伐迈入了新的时代,但解决“三农”问题仍然面临诸多挑战。日本农业与农村虽然在第二次世界大战后实现了现代化的发展,农业人口却伴随着工业化与城市化的不断推进而大量减少,农村空心化、农户老龄化、耕地抛荒、小农户衰退等一系列严峻问题成为日本农业可持续发展必须面对和解决的重大课题。因此,为了维持农村存续、保障小农户利益、振兴农村经济,日本实施了颇具特色的“地产地消”战略。通过不断调整农业政策、构建多层次农产品销售体系、积极推进六次产业化等措施,日本粮食自给率下降的趋势得到缓解,农业总产值和农户收入都有一定程度的回升。本文通过分析日本推进“地产地消”战略的基本路径,明确了“地产地消”战略对促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接,以及实现农业与农村可持续发展所发挥的重要作用。借鉴日本经验,中国应当积极推进部门协同合作,打造新型农产品产销平台;创新物流体系,完善农业产业化经营模式;坚持以法兴农,构建完整严密的法律及政策支援体系。The implement of Rural Revitalization strategy indicated that the agricultural modernization has entered a new era in China,however,there are still many challenges to solve the“Three Rural Issues”.Japan achieved the agricultural modernization after the Second World War,but the agricultural population has been greatly reduced with the industrialization and urbanization.A series of realistic challenges,such as rural hollowing,farmer aging,abandoning arable land and declining small farmers,have threatened the sustainable development of Japan’s agriculture.Therefore,in order to protect the rural survival,support the small farmers,and revitalize the rural economy,Japan implemented the“Local Production and Local Consumption”strategy in 1981.By adjusting agricultural policies,building a multilevel sales system,and promoting six industrialization,Japan’s grain self-sufficiency rate has been alleviated,and the total agricultural output and rural household income have increased.This paper clarified the important role of“Local Production and Local Consumption”strategy in promoting the combination between small farmers and modern agriculture,also realizing the sustainable development of Japan’s agriculture.From Japanese experience,China should:a)promote the departments collaboration to build a new platform for agricultural production and marketing;b)innovate the logistics system,improve the mode of agricultural industrialization;c)enhance the agriculture by law and build a complete and rigorous legal policy support system.

关 键 词：日本 “地产地消” 六次产业化 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]