政治变动与地方秩序——以清末嘉定反户口调查风潮为例  

Political change and Local order——A Study on Counter census of Jiading in the late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：齐超儒 徐茂明[1] QI Chao-ru;XU Mao-ming(Humanities College,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第6期95-102,共8页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：清末“新政”是清代政治体制的最大变革,由此而对地方权力结构与社会秩序产生了重要影响,许多地方酿成抵制“新政”的风潮与民变,嘉定反户口调查风潮的爆发即是其中一例。从根本上看,“新政”是清政府经历了“庚子之变”后所展开的全面自救,其压力来自于外部,而非基于国内社会广泛一致的需求。新政的举办不但没有给社会带来直接的利益,反而使民众成为抽税纳捐的主要对象,加重了他们的负担。同时,新政的推行也使得传统的绅民关系发生变化,士绅凭借“新政”更多地控制乡村公共经济资源,在经济和政治上确立更大的优势,绅民之间的关系更加紧张。户口调查过程中所发生的反对风潮,一方面影响了调查的进度及统计数据的准确性,另一方面风潮对于清政府的统治造成巨大的冲击,加剧了清政府统治危机。As an important part of the constitutional reform of the Qing government,the household registration survey conducted in Xuan Tong Period not only served as the basis for the government to collect taxes,conscription and labor,but also served as an important condition for local autonomy.However,in the process of its implementation in various areas,the household registration survey triggered large-scale opposition and even led to civil insurrection.One of Jiading’s local newspapers,the Liu newspaper detailed the agitation against the census.This trend can be attributed not only to the rumors,but also to the interaction of multiple factors.Fundamentally speaking,the New Deal was the comprehensive self-rescue movement launched by the Qing government after the change of Gengzi,and its pressure came from the outside,rather than the demand of a domestic society.Instead of bringing direct benefits to the society,the implementation of various new policies has made people be the main targets of tax collection and donation,which increases their burden.At the same time,the implementation of the New Deal also changes the relationship between traditional gentlemen and people.Gentry control more over the rural economic resources,have greater advantages economically and politically,which makes the relationship between the gentlemen and people tense.What happened in the process of investigation against the trend inhibited the progress of the census and the accuracy of statistics.The agitation of the rebellion caused by the trend exacerbated the governance crisis of Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清末 嘉定 户口调查 《疁报》 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]