花吊丝竹对干旱胁迫的光合和生理响应  

Photosynthetic and physiological responses of Dendrocalamus minor var. amoenus to drought stress

作　　者：何天友[1] 于增金 沈少炎 荣俊冬[2] 陈礼光[2] 郑郁善[1,2] HE Tianyou;YU Zengjin;SHEN Shaoyan;RONG Jundong;CHEN Liguang;ZHENG Yushan(College of Landscape,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2020年第1期68-75,共8页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省区域发展项目（2015N3015）;福建农林大学科技创新发展基金项目（CXZX2017089）;福建省科技创新团队“环境友好型竹资源精准培育与利用”项目（闽科教2018[49]号）;福建省中青年教师教育科研项目（JA13472）

摘　　要：通过盆栽实验,研究了花吊丝竹在自然耗水的干旱胁迫处理下土壤含水量、叶片水势、叶片光合作用参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及相关酶类生理指标的变化。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫下,土壤含水量与叶片水势显著下降,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有不同程度下降,胞间CO2浓度呈先降后升的趋势,而气孔限制值则呈先升后降的趋势,说明轻度干旱胁迫下,气孔限制是花吊丝竹净光合速率降低的主要因素,重度干旱胁迫下,非气孔限制是净光合速率降低的主要因素。(2)花吊丝竹叶片光系统Ⅱ的实际光化学效率、表观光合电子传递速率和非光化学猝灭系数在胁迫后段(15~30 d)呈显著下降趋势,而叶片初始荧光在后期呈上升趋势,表明随胁迫程度加重,PSⅡ的结构受到较严重的损伤。(3)随干旱时间的延长,脯氨酸和丙二醛的含量均显著上升,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性则先升后降,这表明随胁迫程度加深花吊丝竹细胞结构被破坏。综上所述,干旱胁迫环境下,花吊丝竹叶片光合作用和保护酶类均发生相应的变化,其自身能够提高叶片对光能的捕获能力、提升光能转化效率、增强叶片中的酶活性以及减少热能的耗散等形式,实现对干旱胁迫较强的忍耐性和较好的适应性。The pot experiment was carried out to study the change of soil water content,leaf water potential,leaf photosynthesis parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related enzyme physiological indexes under the drought stress treatment of natural water consumption.The results showed that:(1)under drought stress,soil water content and leaf water potential decreased significantly,and the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves were different.The decrease of intercellular CO2 concentration firstly increased and then increased,while the stomatal limitation value showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,indicating that the stomatal limitation under mild drought stress resulted in the decrease of net photosynthetic rate of D.minor var.amoenus.Non-stomatal limitation under severe drought stress was the main factor of Pnreduction.(2)The actual photochemical efficiency,the apparent electron transfer rate and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient of the photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)of leaves in the late stage under drought stress treatment(15-30 d)showed a significant downward trend,and the initial fluorescence of leaves showed an upward trend in the later stage,indicating that the photosynthetic structure of PSⅡwas seriously damaged.(3)The contents of proline and malondialdehyde increased significantly with the prolongation of drought time,while the activitie of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased firstly and then decline,these indicated that the cell structure of D.minor var.amoenus was destroyed with the degree of stress.In conclusion,under drought stress,the leaves photosynthesis and protective enzymes of D.minor var.amoenus have changed accordingly,which can improve the ability of the leaves to capture light energy,increase the conversion efficiency of light energy,enhance the enzyme activity in leaves,and reduce the dissipation of heat energy and other forms,to achieve greater tolerance and better adaptability to drought stress.

关 键 词：花吊丝竹 干旱胁迫 叶片水势 光合作用参数 叶绿素荧光参数 保护酶 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]