水稻孕穗期干旱-高温交叉胁迫的生理适应机制  

Adaptation physiological mechanism of rice under dual stress of drought and high temperature in booting stage

作　　者：尚蓉霞 余欣 尤翠翠[1] 何海兵[1] 李娟 武立权[1] SHANG Rong-xia;YU Xin;YOU Cui-cui;HE Hai-bing;LI Juan;WU Li-quan(College of Agriculture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;School of Life Science,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Biotechnology Center,Anhui Agricultral University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学生物技术中心,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2019年第6期39-46,54,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300608);国家自然基金青年基金项目(31501245);安徽农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810364077);安徽省省重点研究和开发计划项目(1804h07020150;201610364077)

摘　　要：【目的】关于干旱和高温对水稻生长影响的研究多限于单一逆境或复合,且水稻对干旱高温交叉逆境响应的机理尚未明确,植物逆境交叉适应性的普遍存在为这一研究提供新的切入点,因此加强水稻干旱高温交叉逆境胁迫效应研究,探讨干旱高温交叉逆境影响水稻生长发育的机制,为水稻耐热抗旱的种质资源选育与抗逆栽培供新的理论依据.【方法】以水稻‘N22’为供试品种,设置水稻孕穗期正常生长(CK)、单一高温胁迫(H)、单一干旱胁迫(D)以及干旱-高温交叉胁迫(DH)的水培盆栽试验,研究孕穗期水稻对干旱-高温交叉胁迫的适应生理机制.【结果】H、D及DH处理下,孕穗期水稻剑叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均显著高于CK;其中DH处理下各含量积累最多,且显著高于H.H、D和DH处理下,抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于CK;其中DH处理下,各酶活性增加的最多,且显著高于H.不同胁迫处理下,促进型激素ZR、GA和IAA含量均显著低于CK,但DH处理与其他处理相比,下降幅度减少;而抑制型激素ABA和SA,相比CK都显著积累,且DH处理积累最多.H和D处理和CK相比下,水稻花药开裂很少;且DH处理,花药开裂程度比H处理的大.H、D、和DH处理下,水稻穗粒数和结实率均显著低于CK,而DH处理减少的最少,分别为8.5%和4.1%,且DH处理显著高于H处理.【结论】在水稻孕穗期干旱锻炼可提高孕穗期水稻抗高温的能力.【Objective】The most research work on the impacts of drought and high temperature on rice growth focused on single factor stress,and the response mechanism of rice to dual stress of drought and high temperature is still unclear.So this study is aimed to explore the impacts of dual stress of drought and high temperature on rice in order to provide a new theoretical basis for breeding and stress-resistant cultivation of rice.【Method】N22 was used as the tested variety to design the treatments:normal(CK),high temperature stress(H),drought stress(D),drought and high temperature dual stress(DH).And the hydroponic pot experiment was used in this study.【Results】The results showed that:1)Under H,D and DH treatments,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline in the sword leaf were significantly higher than CK;and DH was significantly higher than H.2)The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD and CAT under H,D and DH treatments were higher than CK.Among them,the activity of 3 enzymes increased most under DH treatment,which was significantly higher than H.3)Under different stress treatments,the contents of promoting hormones ZR,GA and IAA were significantly lower than CK,but the decrease of DH treatment was lower than other treatments;while the inhibitory hormones ABA and SA were significantly accumulated compared with CK,and DH treatment was the highest.4)Compared with CK,H and D treatments showed little cracking of rice anthers;and the degree of anther cracking in DH treatment was greater than H treatment.5)Under H,D,and DH treatments,the grain number and seed setting rate were significantly lower than CK,while the decrease of DH treatment was the lowest(8.5%and 4.1%,),and DH treatment was significantly higher than H treatment.【Conclusion】Drought exercise at booting stage could improve the ability of rice to resist high temperature.

关 键 词：水稻 干旱-高温交叉胁迫 渗透调节物质 抗氧化酶 内源激素 产量 花药 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]