焊接接头等承载设计  

Equal load-carrying design of welded joints

作　　者：王苹[1] 温学 米莉艳 方洪渊[1] Wang Ping;Wen Xue;Mi Liyan;Fang Hongyuan(Harbin Institute of Technology,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin 150001,China;CRRC Tangshan Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 064000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学,先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司,河北唐山064000

出　　处：《焊接》2019年第11期1-7,I0023,共8页Welding & Joining

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFB1201300);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51605116)。

摘　　要：对焊接结构设计文献与相关标准进行了综述。分析发现,焊接结构的疲劳性能与母材的自身强度没有直接联系;原始焊接接头的裂纹萌生寿命较短,接头疲劳寿命主要是考虑裂纹扩展寿命;焊接残余应力对焊接结构疲劳性能的影响体现在S-N曲线中,无需特殊考虑;焊接接头疲劳性能的优化需从降低焊趾应力集中和提高接头疲劳抗力入手,避免裂纹穿透焊喉失效。在此基础上,提出焊接接头等承载设计理念,等承载即实现焊接接头与母材具有相同的承受静载、动载等外载荷的能力,此设计理念将焊接接头的非均质性与几何形状参数进行了综合考虑,通过对焊接接头的力学性能进行分析,给出焊接接头等承载设计方法与设计准则。等承载设计理念可摆脱具体的产品结构,实现量化设计,并有望发展成为标准化设计环节。References and related standards of welding structure design were reviewed.It was found that the fatigue strength of welded joints were not related to the yielding strength of its base metal,and that the initiation of cracks in the as-welded joint could be ignored and the crack propagation life occupied almost the whole fatigue life,and that the influence of welding residual stress on the fatigue performance of welded structure were reflected in the S-N curve without special considerations,and that the fatigue performance optimization of welded joints should be concentrated on reducing stress concentration of weld toe and improving fatigue resistance of joints,so as to avoid failure at the weld.On this basis,equal load-carrying weld design concept was put forward,which was aiming at the same load capacity under static load and dynamic load for the weld and base metal.Both the heterogeneity and geometrical shape of welded joints were taken into accounted by analyzing mechanical properties of the whole welded joint,the design method and design criteria were developed under the principle of equal load-carrying of weld metal and the base metal.The equal load-carrying weld design could get rid of specific product structure,realize quantitative design,and hopefully develop into a standardized design module.

关 键 词：焊接接头设计准则 等承载设计 疲劳 焊接结构 

分 类 号：TG407[金属学及工艺—焊接]