再论凤梨科植物族属分类地理分布及经济用途  

The secondary studies of classification geographical distribution and economical uses of world Bromeliaceae

作　　者：黄威廉[1] HUANG Weilian(School of Geography and Environment,Guizhou Nomal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院

出　　处：《贵州科学》2019年第6期1-7,共7页Guizhou Science

摘　　要：凤梨科属单子叶植物。多为陆生干旱附生植物,一般为无茎草本,具根出的莲座状叶丛,有囊状物,形成漏斗积水。叶带状,坚硬,一般边缘有刺状齿。花序顶生,穗状、复穗状或圆锥花序,苞片常有色彩。花两性,辐射对称,花被两轮,雄蕊6个,子房上位或下位,浆果或蒴果。本科68属1400种,分布热带、亚热带美洲地区及西印度群岛,特别在南美洲巴西亚马逊。凤梨又称菠萝,我国很早就有栽培,海南及台湾尤多,有些种类近来多有栽培供观赏。The Bromeliaceae belong to the monocotyledons.Many terrestrial xero but most epiphyte,by virtue of seed distribution and xerophyte habit.Stem usually reduced,with rosette of fleshy cannelled above,fitting closely at base,so that the whole plant from a kind of funnel,usually full of water.There are many adventitions root which fasten plant to its support.The bases of the leaf are covered with scaly hairs by which the water in the pitcher is absored,which consist largely of water-tissue.They have a thick cuticle and often bear scaly hairs that reduce transpiration.Some show a totally different habit to this such as Tillandsia.Inflorescence usually hermaphrodite,regular,3-merous,perianth 3+3 or(3+3),the outer whorl sepaloid,persistent,the inner petoloid.Androeccum 6,introse often epipetalous,Gynoccum(3),inferior semi-inferior or superior,3-loculus,with indefinite numberous,anatropous ovuleary on the axile plactenta in each style1,stigma 3,fruit berry or capsule,seeds in the lateer case very ligth or winged.Embryo small in mealy endosperm.Ananas is a famous fruit to edibleness,some of the plants of this family are usually cutivated ormamentally in the garden and drawing room.Classification of the tribus and chief genera(after Huttchinson).(1)Navieae Capsule epigynous,superior,seed without hair,only one genera Navia.(2)pitcairnieae Capsule ovaleary.Sime-inferior or almost superior leaf entire or toothed at base,sasely at lop.Puya,Dyckia,Hechtia,Brocchinia.(3)Tillandsieae Capsuls ovaleary,Superior,leaf enfire,seed hairy.Tillandsia,Vriesia,Sodiroa,Massangea.(4)Boremelieae Berry,ovary inferior leaf with thorny teeth.Bromelia,Ananas.Billbergia,Aechmea.Hohenbergia,Portea.The family has 1400 species in 68 genera.The plants is distrobutes in tripical and subtropical zones of America and West Indian Islands especially south America.

关 键 词：族属分类 地理分布 经济用途 凤梨科 

分 类 号：TH145[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]