暴雨对引黄灌区土壤与地下水环境影响研究  

Influence of Rainstorm on Environmental Characteristics of Soil and Groundwater in Typical Area of Yellow River Irrigation Area

作　　者：李平[1,2] 张彦 梁志杰 刘铎[2] 黄仲冬 齐学斌[1] 李中生[4] LI Ping;ZHANG Yan;LIANG Zhijie;LIU Duo;HUANG Zhongdong;QI Xuebin;LI Zhongsheng(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of CAAS,Xinxiang 453002,China;Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environment Factors,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City of Henan Province of CAAS,Xinxiang 453002,China;Henan People's Victory Canal Administration Agency,Xinxiang 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]农业农村部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室(新乡),河南新乡453002 [3]中国农业科学院河南新乡农业水土环境野外科学观测试验站,河南新乡453002 [4]河南省人民胜利渠管理局,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《人民黄河》2020年第1期63-67,71,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：农田精准控制灌溉技术合作研究(FIRI2019-05-02);农产品质量安全监管专项(GJFP2019036);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800403);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP)

摘　　要：为了客观评估特大暴雨对人民胜利渠灌区土壤与地下水的环境效应,跟踪研究了2016年7月9—20日特大暴雨降雨过程,分析了暴雨作用下人民胜利渠灌区典型区域土壤盐分及地下水化学组成的演变特征。结果表明:与暴雨前相比,暴雨驱动了80 cm以上根层土壤脱盐,0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层土壤盐分下降明显,分别较暴雨前降低了63.74%、68.20%、33.41%;典型区域暴雨后0~20 cm根层土壤盐分均值为0.1879 mS/cm;区域地下水埋深较暴雨前上升了0.18 m,区域地下水阳离子水文化学相的分类类型由暴雨前的钙-钠型转化为暴雨后的钠-钙型,区域地下水总溶解性固体含量较暴雨前增加了24.95%,达到1315.09 mg/L,区域地下水钠吸附比较暴雨前增加了54.05%,达到32.94。暴雨驱动了根层土壤盐分向下淋溶,导致0~100 cm根层土壤盐分呈现“扁平化”分布,由暴雨产生的淋溶补给加剧了地下水作为灌溉水的碱化危害风险。In order to objectively assess the environmental effects of rainstorm on the soil and groundwater in the People's Victory Canal Irriga⁃tion Area,the rainstorm process occurring from July 9 to 20,2016 was tracked and the influences of rainstorm to the salt salinity,groundwa⁃ter depth and chemical composition were analyzed.Compared with the condition before the rainstorm,the rainstorm has driven soil desaliniza⁃tion of root layer above 80 cm,and soil salinity is decreased significantly in 0-10,10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers,which decreases by 63.74%,68.20%and 33.41%,respectively.Furthermore,the average soil salinity of the 0-20 cm root layer in a typical area is 0.1879 mS/cm after rainstorm.Hydrological chemical phase classification type of regional groundwater cation is converted from Ca-Na type of before the rainstorm to Na-Ca type of after rainstorm.The total dissolved solids in regional groundwater is increased by 24.95%compared with that be⁃fore the rainstorm,reaching 1,315.09 mg/L.Regional groundwater sodium adsorption is increased by 54.05%before rainstorm,reaching 32.94.The soil layer salinity is leached down,resulting in the flattened distribution in the 0-100 cm root layer,and enhances infiltration of groundwater with rainstorm droved,however,rainstorm has increased the risk of groundwater as an alkalization hazard to irrigation water.

关 键 词：暴雨 井渠结合灌区 土壤脱盐率 水化学特征 钠吸附比 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV211.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]