科学建模的两种观点  

Two Views of Modeling in Science

作　　者：金一鑫 JIN Yi-xin(Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2019年第12期12-16,共5页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家留学基金委公派留学项目

摘　　要：关于科学建模有两种典型的观点,一是"系统派生观",二是"零碎借贷观"。前者认为,科学表征模型可以在原理模型(即科学原理)的基础上系统派生出来;后者强调科学家的科学建模活动实际上是从各种理论中选取所需要的部分进行创造性构造的过程。从以往的争论来看,这两种观点似乎各有侧重,不分胜负。但本文试图结合科学建模的案例论证,后者完全可以替代前者,不仅因为它比前者更符合科学家实际的建模活动,解释前者无法解释的现象,而且可以容纳理论派生模型的案例。There are two views of modeling in science.One can be called the"theory-driven view"and the other can be called the"toolbox view".The former one holds the idea that scientific models can be driven systematically based on principle models.The later one emphasizes that modeling activities are actually processes of selecting tools from boxes of theory.It seems that they emphasize on different respects so neither of them wins the debate.However,this paper attempts to argue that the later one can completely replace the former one,not only because it can explain the phenomenon that the former cannot explain,but also can accommodate the former one.

关 键 词：建模活动 科学模型 科学理论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]