不同来源外泌体与肿瘤发病相关性的研究与进展  

Research and progress in the correlation between exosomes from different sources and tumorigenesis

作　　者：崔国宁 刘喜平[1] 虎峻瑞[1] 李沛清[1] Cui Guoning;Liu Xiping;Hu Junrui;Li Peiqing(Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2020年第13期2095-2101,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81860813)，项目负责人：刘喜平~~

摘　　要：背景:外泌体是一种纳米级具有膜结构的囊泡样小体,可以来源于多种不同的细胞,如干细胞、肿瘤细胞、肿瘤干细胞等,外泌体中含有大量生物活性分子,可介导细胞与细胞之间的交流。目的:综述不同来源外泌体与肿瘤发生的相关研究动态及未来可能研究的方向。方法:以"外泌体、肿瘤、骨髓间充质干细胞、肿瘤干细胞、HH信号通路"等为中文关键词,以"exosomes,tumors,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,caner stem cells,HH signaling pathway"等为英文关键词,检索2015年1月至2019年6月收录在Pub Med数据库、中国知网及中国万方数据库的文献,最终纳入文献80篇,其中英文文献27篇,中文文献53篇。结果与结论:①血清来源外泌体在非小细胞癌、肝癌、胃癌、结肠癌、胰腺癌及乳腺癌等肿瘤的诊断中具有一定的研究潜力,其有可能成为肿瘤检测的一种潜在替代诊断标志物;②肿瘤来源外泌体可通过促进肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、迁移及侵袭,调节免疫及肿瘤相关基因和蛋白的表达发挥调控肿瘤作用;③干细胞来源外泌体可促进肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移,其对肿瘤的调控可能是通过激活HH信号通路介导的;④此外,肿瘤干细胞来源外泌体可通过促进肿瘤相关耐药基因的表达从而增强肿瘤细胞对化疗的耐药,通过研究肿瘤干细胞来源外泌体与耐药基因之间的相关机制,有可能发现肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点。BACKGROUND: Exosome is a nanoscale vesicle body secreted by many kinds of cells, such as stem cells, tumor cells, and cancer stem cells. Exosomes contain a large amount of bioactive molecules that mediate the communication between cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the correlation between exosomes from different source and tumorigenesis and explore the research trends and directions in the future.METHODS: Pub Med, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases were retrieved for relevant articles using the keywords of "exosomes, tumors, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, caner stem cells, HH signaling pathway" in English and Chinese, respectively. The search time was from January 2015 to June 2019. Finally, 80 literatures, including 27 English articles and 53 Chinese articles, were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum-derived exosomes have a potential in the diagnosis of non-small cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer, which may become a potential alternative diagnostic marker for tumor detection. Tumor-derived exosomes can regulate tumors by promoting the growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells, regulating immunity and the expression of tumor-related genes and proteins. Exosomes derived from stem cells can promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, which may be achieved through the activation of HH signaling pathway. In addition, exosomes derived from cancer stem cells can enhance the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy by promoting the expression of tumor-related drug resistance genes. Exploration on the correlation between cancer stem cell-derived exosomes and drug-resistant genes is likely to discover potential targets for tumor treatments.

关 键 词：外泌体 肿瘤 骨髓间充质干细胞 肿瘤干细胞 HH信号通路 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R394.2[医药卫生—临床医学]