3D打印外资监管挑战及规制路径  

Challenges and Regulation of Foreign Investment in “3D Printing”

作　　者：郑玲丽[1] ZHENG Ling-li(Law School,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期82-93,共12页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金2016年一般项目“TPP环境章节文本分析及中国法律对策研究”(16BFX04);江苏高校优势学科建设项目(PPAD)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：“3D打印设备关键零部件研发与制造”被2017年和2019年《外商投资产业指导目录》增列为“鼓励类”外商投资产业,但外商投资3D打印对中国现行《外资法》构成前所未有的监管挑战。协议控制(VIE)模式是否符合新《外资法》的外资定义,如何协调数据跨境自由流动与维护国家安全和公共利益的矛盾等,由此带来诸多外资监管风险。中国亟须对21世纪引进外资产生的新的法律问题进行规范,及时回应全球价值链对国内法律法规及规章制度的需求。鉴于近期美国加强关键基础设施及关键技术外资审查监督,欧盟更新外资监管框架,我国应从外资和东道国双重角度出发,基于公共利益原则,加强3D打印产业外资并购、国家安全、数据流动和经营者集中等方面的规制。“R&D and manufacturing of key parts and components of 3D printing equipment”is listed as“encouraged”foreign-invested industry in The Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment(Revision 2017&Revision 2019),which is a significant measure to amend the foreign investment law.However,FDI in“3D printing”faces complex legal uncertainty,which brings about a lot of regulatory risks.Whether the VIE model conforms to the definition of foreign capital in the new foreign capital law and how to coordinate the contradiction between cross-border free flow of data and safeguard national security and public interests have resulted in many foreign regulatory risks.China needs to rationally analyze the new legal issues arising from the introduction of foreign capital in the 21st century and timely respond to the global value chain's demand for domestic laws,regulations and rules.Both the US&EU have modernized and strengthened foreign investment regulation in new industries against the risk to national security.China should strengthen regulations on foreign investment mergers and acquisitions,national security,data flow and operator concentration in the“3D printing”industry based on the principle of public interest from the perspective of both foreign capital and host country.

关 键 词：3D打印 外资并购 国家安全 外资监管 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]