黑藻与金鱼藻自然衰亡过程中营养盐释放规律研究  

Nutrition Release during Natural Decomposition of Submerged Macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum

作　　者：王立志[1] 宋红丽[1] 董彬[1] 李宝[1] WANG Lizhi;SONG Hongli;DONG Bin;LI Bao(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection,College of Resources and Environment,Linyi University,Linyi 276005,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学资源环境学院山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第1期138-146,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR2018LD004);国家自然科学基金项目(No.41303061,41601086)~~

摘　　要：为研究在自然衰亡状态下黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)与金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)营养盐释放规律,采用人工模拟的方式,于黑藻和金鱼藻进入衰亡期时,采用塑料薄膜捆扎植物根部的方式,阻隔水和底泥界面之间的物质交换,避免底泥释放对水营养盐的影响;同时,监测水中环境因子和营养盐的动态变化,分析营养盐的释放与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明:①黑藻和金鱼藻两种沉水植物在模拟自然状态下分解速率和生物量无显著性差异(P>0. 05),Olson指数的分解速率分别为0. 011、0. 010d^-1.②水中氮、磷质量浓度峰值在试验的第40~50天.水中磷形态以DTP(溶解性总磷)和SRP(溶解性活性磷)为主,氮形态以DTN(溶解性总氮)和NO^-3-N为主.由于SRP、NO^-3-N分别是DTP、DTN的组分之一,因此黑藻和金鱼藻在衰亡期向水中释放的氮、磷形态主要为NO^-3-N和SRP.③环境因子pH、DO、ORP(氧化还原电位)均呈不同程度的先降后升趋势.主成分分析结果表明,金鱼藻和黑藻环境因子主成分F_j和F_h、生物量剩余百分比分别与两植物组营养盐第一主成分之间二次曲线拟合效果较好,因此通过对数据进行降维处理,可建立二者之间的函数方程.研究显示,黑藻和金鱼藻两种沉水植物自然分解速率基本一致,衰亡期间向水中主要释放NO^-3-N和SRP,水中氮、磷质量浓度呈单峰变化,通过主成分分析可以建立环境因子和营养盐之间的函数关系.In order to study the nutrients release in to water under the natural decomposition condition of the submerged macrophyte of Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum,artificial simulation was established,and plastic film was used to bind plant roots to block the material exchange between water and sediment.Environmental factors and nutrients were monitored,and the release of nutrients and their relationship with environmental factors were analyzed.The results showed:(1)The decomposition rates and biomass of two macrophytes were not significantly different,and their Olson index decomposition rate were 0.011,0.010 d^-1,respectively.(2)The maximum value of nitrogen and phosphorus appeared at the 40-50 thdays.Dissolved total phosphorus(DTP)and soluble active phosphorus(SRP)were the main forms of phosphorus in water,while dissolved total nitrogen(DTN)and nitrate nitrogen(NO^-3-N)were the main forms of nitrogen.The results indicated that NO^-3-N and SRP were the main nutrient forms released by two macrophytes in the decomposition process.(3)p H,DO and redox potential(ORP)showed decrease-increase tendency.Principal component analysis showed the quadratic curve fit the principal component of environmental factors,the biomass residual percentage and the first principal component of nutrients well.Therefore,reducing the dimension of the data can obtain a better fitting between them.The results showed the natural decomposition rates of H.verticillata and C.demersum were basically the same.During decomposition,NO^-3-N and SRP were the main nutrient forms released into water,and changed with a single peak.The functional relationship between the environmental factors and nutrients could be established by principal component analysis.

关 键 词：沉水植物 衰亡 营养盐 释放 环境因子 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]