松花江表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃空间分布特征及生态风险评价  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of 16 PAHs in Surface Sediment of Songhua River

作　　者：李泽文 王海燕[2,3] 孔秀琴[1] 杨艳艳[2,3] 钟震[1,2,3] 李莉[2,3] 吴桐[2,3] LI Zewen;WANG Haiyan;KONG Xiuqin;YANG Yanyan;ZHONG Zhen;LI Li;WU Tong(Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100012 [3]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第1期163-173,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2015ZX07201-008-02)~~

摘　　要：为揭示松花江干支流表层沉积物中16种PAHs(多环芳烃)的空间分布特征及其生态风险状况,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了2017年9月松花江干支流26个表层沉积物16种PAHs质量分数特征,并采用比值法对其污染来源进行解析,运用沉积物质量基准法和质量标准法评价其生态风险状况.结果表明:①松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)为169. 76~3 769. 19ng/g,以3~6环高环为主,并且支流w(∑16PAHs)(范围为169. 76~3 769. 19 ng/g,平均值为1 598. 41 ng/g)高于干流(范围为459. 92~2 092. 58 ng/g,平均值为1 173. 67 ng/g),呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势.②松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)主要来源于生物质燃烧和石油燃烧.③松花江干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)总体处于低生态风险水平,个别支流点位(3个)会发产生经常性生态风险.研究显示,松花江流域干支流表层沉积物中w(∑16PAHs)呈从上游到下游逐渐降低的趋势,并且支流高于干流,但总体处于低生态风险水平.In order to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(∑16 PAHs)in surface sediment of the mainstream and tributaries in Songhua River Basin,the∑16 PAHs concentration of 26 samples collected in Sep.2017 were analyzed using chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The∑16 PAHs sources were determined by the ratio of feature components,and their ecological risk was assessed by the sediment quality guidelines and sediment quality standards(SQSs).The results show that:(1)The total concentration of∑16 PAHsw(∑16 PAHs)was in the range of 169.76-3769.19 ng/g,and the main components were 3-6 ring PAHs.The w(∑16 PAHs)in the sediments of the tributaries(169.76-3769.19 ng/g,averaged at 1598.41 ng/g)was higher than that of the mainstream(459.92-2092.58 ng/g,averaged at 1173.67 ng/g)in Songhua River,and the w(∑16 PAHs)decreased gradually from the upstream to the downstream.(2)The w(∑16 PAHs)was mainly derived from the biomass fuel combustion and fossil fuel combustion.(3)The ecological risk level of sediment w(∑16 PAHs)was low except for 3 sampling points in the tributaries,which had frequent ecological risks.This research showed that the sediment w(∑16 PAHs)in Songhua River decreased gradually from the upstream to the downstream,the sediment w(∑16 PAHs)in the tributary was higher than that in the main stream,and the ecological risk of the entire Songhua River Basin was low.

关 键 词：松花江 16种多环芳烃 分布特征 沉积物 生态风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]