施用生物有机肥对烟草产量和品质的影响  

Effects of the Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tobacco

作　　者：刘丽辉 杨盼盼[2,3] 田俊岭 谭志远[1] 彭桂香 LIU Lihui;YANG Panpan;TIAN Junling;TAN Zhiyuan;PENG Guixiang(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding,Guangzhou 510642,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Dongguan Baode Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Dongguan 523087,China;Nanxiong Tobacco Science Research Institute of Guangdong Province,Nanxiong 512400,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院/广东省植物分子育种重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [3]广东省东莞市保得生物工程有限公司,广东东莞523087 [4]广东省烟草南雄科学研究所,广东南雄512400

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2019年第11期69-77,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技创新战略专项资金(重点领域研发计划项目)(2018B020206001);广东省科技项目(2018A050506075,2018B020205003);广东省植物分子育种重点实验室开放基金(GPKLPMB201805)

摘　　要：【目的】探寻生物有机肥在广东烟草中进行大面积推广和应用的合理施用量。【方法】利用已分离的有益微生物菌株(Azotobacter sp.x34,Bacillus sp.jb21,Rubrivivax gelatinosus sbg11)与有机物发酵配制而成的生物有机肥,通过大田试验,研究不同生物有机肥施用量对烟草植株的生长、叶片光合色素含量、叶片酶活性和烟叶烤后产量产值的影响。【结果】在大田条件下,不同施用量的生物有机肥均可显著提高烟草的株高、茎围、叶长和叶面积,提高烟草质体色素含量和代谢酶活性,也可不同程度地提高上等烟叶的比例、烟叶产量和产值,其中T3处理(每株烟草基肥和追肥分别施用生物有机肥20 g)显著促进烟草生长,株高最大提高44.53%,产量提高29.67%,产值提高18.87%。【结论】中用量菌肥即每株烟草基肥和追肥分别施用生物有机肥20 g,对烟草产量和品质的提高效果更明显,可作为此生物有机肥的推荐用量。【Objective】The study was to explore the rational application amount of bio-organic fertilizer for its large scale application and extension in tobacco in Guangdong.【Method】The bio-organic fertilizers were fermented with isolated beneficial microbial strains(Azotobacter sp.X34;Bacillus sp.jb21 and Rubrivivax gelatinosus sbg11)and organic matter.The effects of different amounts of bio-organic fertilizers on tobacco growth,leaf photosynthetic pigment content,leaf enzyme activity,and the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field tests.【Result】Under field conditions,different application amounts of bacterial fertilizers could significantly improve tobacco plant height,stem girth,leaf length and leaf area,promote tobacco photosynthetic pigment content and metabolic enzyme activity,and increase the proportion of superior tobacco leaf and yield and output value of tobacco leaf.T3 treatment(the application amounts for base fertilizer and top dressing were 20 g per plant respectively)significantly promoted the growth of tobacco,with the highest increase in plant height(44.53%).The yield and output value of T3 treatment increased by 29.67%and 18.87%,respectively.【Conclusion】The application amount of bacterial fertilizer in T3(in which 20g bacterial fertilizers were applied for base fertilizer and top dressing per plant respectively)can increase the yield and quality of tobacco obviously,and can be used as the recommended dosage of fertilizer.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 烟草 烤烟 光合细菌 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]