优秀短跑运动员苏炳添的技术优化训练研究  

Researchon the Technical Optimization Training of the Elite Sprinter Su Bingtian

作　　者：王国杰 苏炳添 章碧玉 彭秋艳 邹吉玲 WANG Guojie;SU Bingtian;ZHANG Biyu;PENG Qiuyan;ZOU Jiling(Beijing Sport University,China Track and field college,Beijing,100084;Ji'nan University,Institute of Physical Education,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510632)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,中国田径运动学院,北京,100084 [2]暨南大学体育学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2019年第6期82-87,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

摘　　要：文章采用跟踪调研法和录像解析法对优秀短跑运动员苏炳添技术优化训练问题进行分析,旨在说明专项技术优化对运动表现的影响。通过技术优化训练,达到了如下效果:(1)延长了抵足板至起跑线距离,并利用不同距离阻力跑后的后激活增强效应,提高起跑以及起跑后加速段的技术效果。(2)采用具有不同倾向性的技术训练手段,优化最大速度阶段技术,提高最大速度阶段前蹬技术效果和功率输出。(3)精细化全程呼吸节奏。(4)延缓终点跑"撞线"时机,减小终点跑前技术变化程度,保持良好的终点跑阶段身体姿态,减小着地制动力、减小过度后蹬带来的步频过度下降问题,从而保证前蹬技术效果。(5)提高平均步长,延长加速段距离,缩短速度衰减段距离,优化全程技术节奏。Using the methods of tracking research and video analysis to analyze several technical issues excellent sprinter SU Bing-tian during April-June 2018,this present paper aims to illustrate the impact of special technical improvements and physical training on athletic performance.Results show that:(1)The first 7 steps length can be improved without losing speed when combined with the block start training with different resistance loads under the 1080 sprint resistance assist system;(2)When the starting position of both sides of the supporting foot moves backwards,the muscles of the lower limb joints are in an appropriate elongated state,which is conducive to explosive force and improve the stretching effect;(3)Improving the special technology and optimizing the"whipping"action effect are conducive to improving the technical effect and power output before the maximum speed stage;(4)Extending the acceleration phase distance after the start will shorten the speed attenuation segment distance;(5)Maintaining a good body posture during the final stage of race is beneficial to reducing the ground braking force and reducing the excessive step frequency drop caused by excessive back squatting,thereby ensuring the technical effect of the front-side mechanics.

关 键 词：起跑 步长 速度节奏 最大速度 呼吸节奏 弹性用力 前蹬技术 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]