寄生橡胶树叶上的头孢藻  

The Foliicolous Parasitic Alga Cephaleuros virescens on Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：蔡志英[1] 施玉萍[1] 戴利铭 刘一贤[1] 李岚岚 蒋桂芝[1] 姚永林 穆洪军[1] CAI Zhi-ying;SHI Yu-ping;DAI Li-ming;LUI Yi-xian;LI Lan-lan;JIANG Gui-zhi;YAO Yong-lin;MU Hong-jun(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,Yunnan,China;State Dongfeng Farm,Jinghong City in Yunnan Province,Jinghong 666123,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南省景洪市国营东风农场生产技术部,云南景洪666123

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2020年第1期183-188,共6页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);云南省财政专项:橡胶树病虫害防控技术研究与应用(RF2019-7);云南省技术创新人才培养项目(2016HB016);云南省现代农业橡胶产业技术体系(2017KJTX008)

摘　　要：由头孢藻引起的藻斑病在世界各国热带和亚热带地区的很多植物物种上均有报道。弄清寄生橡胶树叶上寄生藻的种类、为害症状以及不同橡胶树品系和环境对寄生藻发生为害的影响,为橡胶树藻斑病防治提供参考依据。通过田间调查、观察其为害特性症状;采集藻斑病标本,切片显微观察寄生藻在宿主组织内和表面的寄生习性;提取寄生藻的DNA,分析比对其核糖体小亚基基因序列。结合寄生藻的形态和核糖体小亚基(18S rRNA)基因序列分析结果,将本研究发现的橡胶树藻类叶斑病原物鉴定为茂盛头孢藻,这是首次在我国大陆橡胶树上发现由该寄生藻引起的橡胶树叶斑病。结果表明,种植于不同坡向、相同品系的橡胶树受害程度不一样,种植在阴坡的病害级别要高于阳坡的;同一株橡胶树上层树冠叶受害最轻,下层树冠叶受害最重;相比较而言橡胶树品系云研272较为抗病。The algal leaf spot,caused by Cephaleuros virescens,has been reported in a wide range of plant species from the tropical and subtropical areas worldwide.Identification of the foliicolous parasitic alga,description of the symptom caused by the parasitic alga,investigation of the effects of the different rubber tree clones and the environment on the occurrence of the foliicolous parasitic alga of rubber tree will provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of the C.virescens disease of rubber tree.In this study,the symptoms of the C.virescens disease on rubber tree were observed by field investigation,algal spot disease specimens were collected,and the parasitic habit of parasitic algae in host tissue and surface were microscopically observed.Combined with the morphology of parasitic algae and the sequence analysis of the ribosomal small subunit(18 s rRNA) gene,the pathogen of algae leaf spot was identified as C.virescens,it was the first report that rubber leaf spot caused by this parasitic algae in China.The results revealed that the same rubber tree clone was not affacted as serious as those in different environments.The disease grade of the rubber tree planted on the overcast slope was higher than that on the sunny slope,the rubber leaf of the upper canopy of the same rubber tree was the lest affected,and the rubber leaf of the lower canopy was the most seriously affected.In contrast,the rubber tree clone Yunyan 272 was more resistant to the paracitic alga disease.

关 键 词：叶藻斑病 藻锈病 致病绿藻 植物病害 

分 类 号：S763.2[农业科学—森林保护学]