云南15种特有少数民族0～6岁儿童营养不良和肥胖的调查研究  

Investigation on Malnutrition and Obesity of Children Aged 0 ～ 6 in 15 Ethnic Minorities in Yunnan

作　　者：沈建华 张笑男[2] 俞跃萍[2] 刘锦桃[2] 杨燕槐[2] SHEN Jian-hua;ZHANG Xiao-nan;YU Yue-ping;LIU Jin-tao;YANG Yan-huai(Yunnan Health Development Research Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650100;Yunnan Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Kunming,Yunnan 650051)

机构地区：[1]云南省健康发展研究中心,云南昆明650100 [2]云南省妇幼保健院,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《卫生软科学》2020年第1期88-93,共6页Soft Science of Health

摘　　要：[目的]了解云南省15种特有少数民族地区0~6岁儿童体格发育及营养状况,为促进该地区儿童健康提供决策及干预依据。[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法和典型调查相结合,按全国九市儿童体格发育调査方案进行体格发育测量,新生儿体重按出生证明书进行过录,超重或肥胖采用Kaup指数判定。[结果]共调查儿童14624名,低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦检出率分别为15.1%、18.8%和2.0%,超重和肥胖检出率分别为13.6%和4.6%。低体重、发育迟缓检出率在不同年龄间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),消瘦检出率在在不同年龄间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超重各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),肥胖各年龄组其差异无统计学意义(P=0.830);三种营养不良率都是男童高于女童,低体重率、发育迟缓率在性别间差异有统计学意义(P=0.003和0.000),消瘦率在性别间差异无统计学意义(P=0.660);超重率和肥胖率均为男童高于女童,超重率在性别间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000和0.027);低体重检出率在各州(市)间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),发育迟缓、消瘦检出率在各州(市)间差异无统计学意义(P=0.127和0.147);超重和肥胖检出率在各州(市)间差异无统计学意义(P=0.232和0.745);低体重检出率在各民族间差异无统计学意义(P=0.213),发育迟缓、消瘦检出率在各民族间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000和0.001);超重和肥胖检出率在各民族间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。[结论]云南省0~6岁儿童营养不良、超重检出率较高,在不同年龄段、性别、地区、民族间有较大差异,并受到多重因素的影响。Objective To understand the physical development and nutritional status of children aged 0-6 years in 15 endemic minority areas of Yunnan Province,and to provide decision-making and intervention basis for promoting children s health in this area.Methods The methods of stratified cluster sampling and typical survey were used to measure the physical development of children according to the scheme of physical development adjustment in nine cities of China.The weight of newborns was recorded by birth certificate,and the overweight or obesity was determined by Kaup index.Result A total of 14624 children were investigated.The detection rates of low weight,stunting and emaciation were 15.1%,18.8%and 2.0%,respectively.The detection rates of overweight and obesity were 13.6%and 4.6%respectively.There were significant differences in the detection rates of low weight and growth retardation among different ages(P<0.05),no significant differences in the detection rates of emaciation among different ages(P>0.05),significant differences among overweight age age groups(P=0.000),and no significant differences among obesity age groups(P=0.830).Malnutrition rate was higher in boys than in girls.There were significant differences in low weight rate and stunting rate between the sexes(P=0.003 and 0.000),but there was no significant difference in weight loss rate between the sexes(P=0.660);overweight rate and obesity rate were higher in boys than in girls,and overweight rate had significant differences between the sexes(P=0.000 and 0.000).The prevalence of low body weight was significantly different among States(P=0.000),the prevalence of stunting and emaciation was not significantly different among States(P=0.127 and 0.147),the prevalence of overweight and obesity was not significantly different among States(P=0.232 and 0.745).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of stunting and emaciation among different nationalities(P=0.213).There was significant difference in the prevalence of stunting and emaciation among differ

关 键 词：少数民族 儿童 营养不良 肥胖 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]