荔枝主栽品种树体营养累积特点及与土壤养分关系  

Nutrient accumulation characteristics of main litchi cultivars and their relationships with soil nutrients

作　　者：姚丽贤[1] 周昌敏 何兆桓 李国良 杨苞梅 白翠华[1] YAO Lixian;ZHOU Changmin;HE Zhaohuan;LI Guoliang;YANG Baomei;BAI Cuihua(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2020年第2期40-47,共8页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS32-08)

摘　　要：【目的】明确荔枝Litchi chinensis Sonn.主栽品种成年挂果树养分需求参数及树体营养与立地土壤性质关系,为荔枝养分管理提供基础数据。【方法】在华南主产区挖取树龄约15年的‘妃子笑’等10个主栽品种各1株,调查树体生物学性状,并采集叶片、果实、树干和根系样本,研究树体不同部位养分累积特点及树体营养与土壤养分关系。【结果】荔枝单株地上部生物量为158.2~344.9 kg;单株果实生物量为38.4~101.8 kg,占地上部生物量的18.0%~38.1%。荔枝叶片N含量最高,树干则以Ca或N含量最高,外果皮、内果皮、果肉和种子一般以N或K含量最高,根系则Ca含量最高,Mo在多个品种的多个部位中均未检出。以生产50 kg果实计,地上部N、P、K、Ca和Mg累积量分别为811.9、86.4、586.0、792.5和112.8 g,随50 kg果实收获带走的养分量为N 114.5 g、P 14.4 g、K 105.1 g、Ca 21.6 g和Mg 12.5 g,带走养分量占地上部树体各养分总量的15.8%、18.9%、20.2%、3.4%和12.6%。叶片K、Ca、Mg含量与土壤有效K、Ca、Mg含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其他元素含量与土壤养分相关性不显著。【结论】为维持荔枝立地土壤肥力、保障树体正常生长发育,荔枝收获果实及修剪带走的养分量是荔枝翌年养分施用量的下限。土壤有效K、Ca和Mg含量可预测荔枝叶片K、Ca、Mg含量。今后将加强对荔枝Ca、Si和Mo营养的研究。【Objective】To understand the parameters of nutrient requirement for fruit-bearing plants of the main cultivars of litchi(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)and the relation between litchi plant nutrient and soil fertility,and supply the basic data for nutrient management of litchi.【Method】Ten plants from ten litchi main cultivars including‘Feizixiao’,etc,with medium to high fruit yield and approximately 15 years of age,were excavated at fruit harvest in the main production areas of South China.The biological characteristics of these plants were examined.Moreover,leaf,fruit,trunk and root samples of ten cultivars were collected to investigate the nutrient accumulation and distribution in various parts of litchi plants.The relations between tissue nutrient contents in litchi plants and soil nutrients were calculated.【Result】The aboveground biomass of these trees ranged from 158.2 to 344.9 kg.Fruit yield per tree varied from 38.4 to 101.8 kg and accounted for 18.0%−38.1%of total biomass of the aboveground part.Litchi leaf contained the highest nitrogen(N)content,while trunk had the maximum calcium(Ca)or N content.N or potassium(K)was detected with the upmost content in epicarp,endocarp,pulp and seed,whereas Ca commonly dominated in root.Molybdenum(Mo)was undetectable in various parts in some cultivars.Based on the yield of 50 kg fruit,N,P,K,Ca and magnesium(Mg)accumulation of litchi aboveground part was 811.9,86.4,586.0,792.5 and 112.8 g respectively.And 114.5 g N,14.4 g P,105.1 g K,21.6 g Ca and 12.5 g Mg were taken away with 50 kg fruit harvest,which amounted for 15.8%,18.9%,20.2%,3.4%and 12.6%of total N,P,K,Ca and Mg nutrients accumulated in the aboveground part of litchi,respectively.Foliar K,Ca and Mg contents had a significantly positive correlation with soil available K,Ca and Mg contents respectively(P<0.05),whereas the other forliar nutrients were not closely related to soil nutrients.【Conclusion】The nutrient removal by fruit harvest and pruning is the lowest nutrient addition amount to maintain s

关 键 词：荔枝 生物量 养分需求 叶片营养 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S667[农业科学—果树学] S603[农业科学—园艺学]