氮肥施用对中筋小麦氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Utilization of Medium Gluten Wheat

作　　者：成振华[1] 牛巧龙 郑育锁 徐震[1] 肖波[3] 冯伟[1] 王苗苗[1] 金聪颖[1] 张思晨[1] CHENG Zhenhua;NIU Qiaolong;ZHENG Yusuo;XU Zhen;XIAO Bo;FENG Wei;WANG Miaomiao;JINCongying;ZHANG Sichen(Tianjin Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Tianjin 300061,China;College of Agronomy&Resources and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Soil Fertilizer Workstation,Tianjin 300061,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业环境保护管理监测站,天津300061 [2]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384 [3]天津市土壤肥料工作站,天津300061

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2020年第1期63-67,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探讨氮肥施用对中筋小麦氮素利用的影响,以衡观35为试材,采用田间小区试验,研究不同氮肥施用量(0,180,300kg·hm-2,分别记为N0,N1,N2)小麦的籽粒产量、品质及氮利用率。结果表明,施用氮肥可增加衡观35小麦单位面积成穗数并提高籽粒产量,与N0相比,N1、N2处理小麦籽粒产量分别显著增加38.3%和37.6%(P<0.05),成穗数分别显著增加33.4%和29.9%(P<0.05);随施氮量增加,小麦穗粒数没有变化,而千粒质量呈下降趋势。与N0相比,N1、N2处理衡观35小麦籽粒蛋白含量提高6.8%和23.6%,其中N2与N0和N1差异显著(P<0.05);不同施氮水平衡观35籽粒湿面筋含量与面筋持水率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。施用氮肥可促进小麦茎、叶累积氮向籽粒转移,与N0相比,N1和N2茎、叶转移量增加8.9~17.7 kg·hm-2,转移率增加1.1~6.8个百分点。随施氮量增加,衡观35小麦叶片中的氮对籽粒氮的贡献率、植株氮肥利用效率、氮肥偏生产力及氮肥表观利用率均下降,植株氮素收获指数升高,花前运转氮素贡献率下降,花后积累氮素贡献率升高,成熟期营养器官氮素累积量增加。综合而言,当地肥力水平下,中筋小麦衡观35适宜施氮量约在150 kg·hm-2,过量施用氮肥,不利于植株营养器官累积氮向籽粒转移,氮肥利用率降低。In order to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on nitrogen utilization of medium gluten wheat, using Hengguan 35 as a test material and field plot experiments to study the effects of the different nitrogen fertilizer application rates(0, 180,300 kg · hm-2, recording as N0, N1, N2) on grain yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. The result showed that application nitrogen could increase the number of spikes per unit area and grain yield of Hengguan 35. Compared with N0, the grain yield of wheat treated with N1 and N2 significantly increased by 38.3% and 37.6%(P<0.05), respectively, and the number of spikes significantly increased by 33.4% and 29.9%(P<0.05). With the increase of nitrogen application, the number of grains per ear of wheat did not change, but the thousand-grain weight showed a downward trend. Compared with N0, the grain protein content of Hengguan 35 wheat treated by N1 and N2 treatment increased by 6.8% and 23.6%, of which N2 was significantly different from that of N0 and N1(P<0.05). The difference of wet gluten content and gluten water holding rate of Hengguan 35 grains at different nitrogen application were not significant(P>0.05). Application nitrogen fertilizer could promote the transition of nitrogen accumulation in wheat stems and leaves to grains. Compared with N0, the amount of N1 and N2 stem and leaves increased by 8.9 ~17.7 kg · hm-2, and the transfer rate increased by 1.1~6.8 percentage points. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen contribution rate in wheat leaves to grain nitrogen, plant nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity and apparent nitrogen use efficiency decreased, plant nitrogen harvest index increased, nitrogen contribution rate before flowering decreased, nitrogen accumulation rate after fl owering increased, and nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity increased. In general, at the local fertility level, the suitable nitrogen application rate for medium gluten wheat was 150 kg·hm-2. Exc

关 键 词：中筋小麦 施氮量 籽粒产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]