论私法与国家关系的立法应对——以我国民法典编纂为视角  

Legislative Response to the Relationship between Private Law and State——from the Perspective of China’s Civil Code Compilation

作　　者：杜明强 Du Mingqiang

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2020年第1期97-112,共16页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：贵州省2018年度哲学社会科学规划课题项目《互联网+时代新兴特殊私权的民法保护研究》(18GZQN29);贵州大学2018年度引进人才科研项目《我国居住权立法规制研究》[贵大人基合字(2018)011]的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在充满自治元素的私法世界,国家被视为尽职的"守夜人",而不能是严苛的"监管者"。而在国家层面,更愿将私法视为一种治理社会的工具。工具论者强调国家是目的,私法只是维系国家机器运转的手段。私法理想与国家态度的关系在立法领域集中体现为如何调适私权自治与国家管制的冲突问题,此亦为我国民法典编纂亟待解决的理论难题。于此,国家积极寻求遁入私法的路径:即通过在民法典中贯彻国家政策的立法转化、设置宪法性条款、规范基本原则立法、植入公私法融合的转介条款来实现,而私法则以正视私权自治的局限性、厘定调整对象、增设强制性规范、确立接纳国家政策的标尺等策略加以应对。In a private law full of autonomy, the state is better a dutiful "night guard" than a demanding "regulator". The state generally tend to see private law as a tool to govern civil society. Instrumentalists emphasize that the state is a final purpose, and private law is only a means of maintaining the functioning of the state machine. The ideal of private law and the attitude of the state are embodied to adjust the conflict between the autonomy of private rights and state control in the legislative field. It is also a theoretical problem that should be sloved in the process of compiling China’s Civil Code. Therefore, the state actively seeks ways to come into the private law: that is, to implement the legislative transformation of national policies in the Civil Code, define the adjustment objects, set up constitutional provisions, regulate the legislation of civil law’s basic principles, and implant the referral clauses of the integration of public and private law. However, the private law should acknowledge the limitation of the autonomy of private rights, add mandatory norms and establish the standards for accepting the national policies.

关 键 词：私法与国家 私权自治 国家管制 民法典编纂 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]