基于超声表面波法的航空铝合金表面应力测试  

Surface Stress Measurement of Aviation Aluminum Alloy Based on Surface Ultrasonic Method

作　　者：宋广三 SONG Guangsan(Zhenjiang Customs House,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu,212004,China)

机构地区：[1]镇江海关

出　　处：《检验检疫学刊》2019年第6期24-27,共4页Journal of Inspection and Quarantine

摘　　要：本文利用超声表面波的声弹效应,测试航空铝合金材料的表面应力分布。实验过程中采用回振法测试应力引起声速的微小变化。参照中国专利《一种用于精确测量铁磁性材料表面波声速的夹具及测量装置》所公开的测试装置及方法,设计表面波声速测试夹具实现探头与材料弹性接触以减小误差,通过单轴加载计算材料的声弹性常数。实验结果表明,铝合金材料处于单轴应力作用下,压缩应力状态与拉伸应力状态下表面波具有相反的声速变化规律。在压应力作用下,平行于应力方向传播的表面波声速随压应力增大而线性增大,垂直于应力方向传播的表面波声速随压应力增大而线性减小,且由拟合公式可以测试铝合金材料的表面应力分布。In this paper, surface stress distribution of aviation aluminum alloy was measured by surface ultrasonic acoustoelasticity. The echo method was adopted to measure the small changes of sound velocity. Referring to published measure apparatus and method by the Chinese patent "A Fixture and Measuring Device for Accurately Measuring the Surface Wave Acoustic Velocity of the Ferromagnetic Material",A seris of special fixtures are designed to achieve steady coupling and elastic contact between transducers and material. The experimental results show that regular changes of sound velocities are presented when test specimens are in uniaxial tensile status and compressive status. When the specimen is applied with compressive load, the velocities of surface wave linearly increases with augment of stress which propagation direction is parallel to the direction of stress. Furthermore, when the propagation direction is perpendicular to stress direction, the velocity linearly decreases with stress augment. Based on the fitting formula of test results, the surface stress distribution of material can be acquired.

关 键 词：表面波 应力测试 声弹效应 

分 类 号：TG115.285[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]