重庆市RhD阴性血献血者献血影响因素调查  

Investigation on influencing factors of blood donation among Rh D negative blood donors in Chongqing,China

作　　者：江艇[1] 程颖[2] JIANG Ting;CHENG Ying(Chongqing Emergency Medical Center,Chongqing 400014,China;Chongqing Blood Center)

机构地区：[1]重庆市急救医疗中心,重庆400014 [2]重庆市血液中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2019年第12期1257-1260,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：重庆市渝中区科委项目(20170148)

摘　　要：目的了解影响Rh D阴性血献血者献血的因素。方法从重庆市"稀有血型之家"中随机抽取2015年01月—2018年10月Rh D阴性无偿献血者1500名,根据其献血次数分为初次献血组(n=990)和再次献血(≥2次)组(n=510),请其填写好由重庆市血液中心事先设计的调查问卷(内容包括Rh D阴性血的基本认识、无偿献血政策知晓情况、献血基本常识知晓情况、获取献血途径的方式、献血注意事项、献血态度、献血动机及是否愿意再次献血等)后,用SPSS 23.0统计学软件对问卷做统计分析。结果Rh D阴性初次献血组与再次献血组对Rh D阴性血知识知晓率为60.51%(599/990)vs 99.61%(508/510),无偿献血政策知晓率为53.54%(530/990)vs 83.92%(428/510),献血基本常识知晓率为66.36%(657/990)vs 96.08%(490/510),献血注意事项知晓率为49.09%(486/990)vs84.71%(432/510),献血态度积极的比例50.40%(499/990)vs 86.08%(439/510),拥有献血动机的比例33.43%(331/990)vs 41.18%(210/510)(P<0.05);获取献血途径方式的比例27.07%(268/990)vs 27.45%(140/510)(P>0.05)。调查对象不愿意再次献血的原因主要为对Rh D阴性血缺乏正确认识[29.67%(254/856)]、献血服务体验欠佳[23.48%(201/856)]、献血耽误时间[12.27%(105/856)]、献血点交通不便[9.00%(77/856)]等。结论利用新媒体宣传Rh D阴性血知识、开展家族血型调查、实行预约献血以及做好回访工作等有针对性的应对策略,发展和固定Rh D阴性献血者队伍,保障临床Rh D阴性血用血需求。Objective To understand the factors affecting the blood donation of RhD negative blood donors.Methods1500 RhD negative voluntary blood donors were randomly selected from the Profile of Rare Blood Donors in Chongqing from January 2015 to October 2018.According to the number of blood donation,they were divided into first time donor group(n=990)and repeat donor group(≥2 times)(n=510).Predesigned questionnaires,including items such as basic knowledge regarding RhD negative blood,blood donation,and current policy of blood donation,sources of information about blood donation,matters needing attention for blood donation,attitude and motivation of blood donation and willingness to donate blood again,etc.,were filled by the donors.Their responses were noted and statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 statistical software.Results The understanding ratio of basic knowledge regarding Rh D negative blood among first-time Rh D negative donors and repeat Rh D negative donors was 60.51%(599/990)and 99.61%(508/510),policy awareness of blood donation was53.54%(530/990)and 83.92%(428/510),basic knowledge regarding blood donation was 66.36%(657/990)and96.08%(490/510),matters needing attention for blood donation was 49.09%(486/990)and 84.71%(432/510),the attitude was 50.40%(499/990)and 86.08%(439/510),the motivation was 33.43%(331/990)and 41.18%(210/510)(P<0.05),and sources of information about blood donation was 27.07%(268/990)and 27.45%(140/510)(P>0.05).The obstacles or issues that prevented them from returning were as following:lack of correct knowledge about Rh D-negative blood[29.67%(254/856)],the poor experience of blood donation service[23.48%(201/856)],scheduling conflicts[12.27%(105/856)],and the inconvenient transportation of blood donation sites[9.00%(77/856)].Conclusion The team of RhD negative blood donors can be further retained by employing mobile apps and social media to publicize knowledge about RhD negative blood,carrying out family blood type survey,adapting a system for donation appointment and follow-up as well as

关 键 词：Rh D阴性献血者 无偿献血 献血影响因素 献血宣教 临床用血 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学] R193.3[医药卫生—临床医学]