油茶的驯化及面临的问题  

Domestication of Camellia oleifera and confronted problems

作　　者：赵松子[1] 赵攀[1] Zhao Songzi;Zhao Pan(Jiangxi Camellia oleifera Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization Laboratory,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang Jiangxi 331013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院·江西省油茶种质资源保护与利用实验室

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2019年第6期54-58,共5页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：科研院所基础设施配套“油茶保花保果素的研究”(项目编号：20161BZ90009);江西省科技厅科技计划项目“红皮大果高含油率油茶优株筛选及新种质创制”(项目编号：20171BBF60010);“油茶超级育种与配套栽培关键技术研究”项目编号：20143ACF60013

摘　　要：油茶的驯化从南宋开始,其果实大小和成熟期受到驯化的影响,使得现有良种具有较大的果实,并且成熟期集中在霜降前后。经过八百余年的人工选择与自然选择,普通油茶发展成我国主要的油茶物种。油茶的驯化面临机械化采收、更高的产量、茶麸高效利用等三个问题,应该加强油茶遗传育种的基础研究,通过基因编辑及分子标记辅助育种培育出优质、高产、适应机械化采收的油茶良种。Camellia oleifera had been domesticated since the Southern Song Dynasty.Both fruit size and maturation period were influenced during the process of domestication.As a result,C.oleifera cultivars usually have larger fruits and mature in the days before or after Frost's Descent.Through artificial and natural selection within the past 800 years,C.oleifera gradually became a main cultivated species among C.oleifera ones in China.Domestication of C.oleifera is confronted with such three problems as mechanized picking,higher yield,high efficient utilization of defatted bran.It was suggested that the breeding and genetics should be strengthen in C.oleifera basic research.New C.oleifera varieties with high quality,high yield,and adaptation for harvesting machinery would be created by gene edition and molecular mark assisted breeding.

关 键 词：油茶 驯化 采收 育种 机械化 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S722.7[农业科学—林学]