微生态制剂对草鱼生产性能和肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of Probiotics Level on Growth Performance and Intestinal Flora in Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus

作　　者：王颖 宋明[1] 张锦华[1] 周秋白[1] 张正洲 王自蕊[1] 杨竹青[1] WANG Ying;SONG Ming;ZHANG Jinhua;ZHOU Qiubai;ZHANG Zhengzhou;WANG Zirui;YANG Zhuqing(College of Animal Science and Technology,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学动物科学技术学院

出　　处：《水产科学》2020年第1期12-21,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);江西省现代农业协同创新计划专项(JXXTCX201602-02);江西省重点研发计划项目(20161ACF60020);江西省大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系项目(JXARS)

摘　　要：在水温25~30℃下,将体质量为(110.23±0.43)g的草鱼饲养在3.0 m×2.0 m×1.2 m的加盖网箱中,分别投喂添加0%(对照组)、0.5%和2%的由芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及酵母菌复配且以麸皮为载体制成的微生态制剂(8.0×10~9 cfu/g)的膨化饲料饲养60 d,探究微生态制剂对草鱼生产性能和肠结构、菌群及酶活性的影响。试验结果显示,饲料中添加2%微生态制剂显著提高草鱼质量增加率、特定生长率(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数、脏体比(P<0.05);饲料中添加2%微生态制显著提高肠伸展率、中肠肌层厚度和绒毛高度(P<0.05),提高中肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。饲料中添加微生态制剂增加草鱼肠道菌群α多样性、丰富度;改变草鱼肠道微生物组成,门水平上,对照组的草鱼肠道微生物中梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门含量最高(63.56%、32.52%)。0.5%添加组的草鱼肠道微生物中梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门含量最高(61.82%、20.27%)。2%添加组的草鱼肠道微生物中厚壁菌门含量最高(64.20%)。属水平上,2%添加组草鱼肠道优势菌属直接发生改变,Paeniclostridium和Erysipelatoclostridium丰度大幅上升。随着微生态制剂添加量的增加,肠道微生物的代谢功能增强,组成中与无机离子转运和代谢、碳水化合物转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢等功能相关的菌群丰度升高。综上可知,饲料中添加芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及酵母菌等组成的微生物制剂可作为生产草鱼绿色饲料的重要措施。Grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)with body weight of(110.23±0.43)g was reared in a covered net cage(3 m×2 m×1.2 m)at water temperature of 25-30℃and fed diets containing Bacillus,Lactobacillus,and Saccharomyces probiotics(8.0×10~9 cfu/g)at a dose of 0%(control group),0.5%and 2%for 60 days to investigate the effects of probiotics on the intestinal structure,flora and enzyme activities of grass carp.It was found that there were significant increase in weight gain rate and specific growth rate and significant decrease in ratio of viscera to body weight and food conversion ratio in the grass carp fed the diet containing 2%of probiotics(P<0.05).There were significantly increase in intestinal extension rate,midgut muscle layer thickness,and villus height and the activities of midgut amylase and lipase in the grass carp fed the diet containing 2%of probiotics(P<0.05).Increase in diversity,and abundance in intestinal flora and composition of intestinal microorganisms was observed in the grass carp fed the diets containing different proportions of probiotics.At the phylum level,the maximal contents of Clostridium(63.56%)and Firmicutes(32.52%)were found in grass carp in the control group,and the maximal contents of clostridium(61.82%)and firmicutes(20.27%)in the intestinal microorganisms in grass carp in the 0.5%group,with the maximal content of firmicutes(64.20%)in 2%group.At the genus level,the dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract of grass carp in the 2%group were directly changed,and the abundance of Paeniclostridium and Erysipelatoclostridium was increased significantly.The metabolic function of intestinal microorganisms was enhanced,and the abundance of bacteria related to the functions of inorganic ion transport and metabolism,carbohydrate transport and metabolism,and amino acid transport and metabolism was increased with the increase in the dose of the probiotics.It can be concluded that supplementation of probiotics composed of Bacillus,Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces in the feed can be an important me

关 键 词：草鱼 微生态制剂 生产性能 肠道组织 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S965.112[农业科学—水产养殖]