稻草不同还田量对土壤动物群落结构的影响  

Effects of different rice straw returning quantities on soil fauna community structure

作　　者：罗熳丽[1,2] 段均华 姚恒 卢昌泰 肖玖金[1,2] 张健[1,2] LUO Manli;DUAN Junhua;YAO Heng;LU Changtai;XIAO Jiujin;ZHANG Jian(Institute of Ecological Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering in Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Tourism College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611830,Sichuan,China;The Forestry and Landscape Bureau in Guangyuan City,Guangyuan 628012,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学林业生态工程省级重点实验室,四川成都611130 [3]四川农业大学旅游学院,四川成都611830 [4]广元市朝天区林业和园林局,四川广元628012

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2020年第1期85-92,共8页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(31400457);四川省科技计划资助项目(19YYJC1544);四川省景观与游憩研究中心资助项目(JGYQ2018032)

摘　　要：[目的] 研究稻草不同还田量下土壤动物群落结构特征。 [方法] 在5 m×5 m的样方内,以未进行稻草还田的处理为对照(ck),采用手拣法和干、湿漏斗分离法,调查稻草还田后2个月和稻草还田后5个月,不同还田量[0.8(T20)、0.4(T10)、0.2(T5)和0 kg·m-2(ck)]处理下耕地土壤动物群落特征。 [结果] 试验共捕获土壤动物1 194只,隶属于3门11纲19目44科,平均密度4.45×105只·m-2;稻草还田处理后的样地土壤动物密度和类群数明显增加(P < 0.05),土壤动物类群数排序为T20(37)> T10(30)> T5(28)> ck(17)。土壤动物群落垂直分布明显,土壤动物密度随着土层加深而降低,具有明显的表聚性特征。稻草还田2个月后T20处理的土壤动物多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均最高,稻草还田后5个月T10处理优势度指数最高。 [结论] 农业生产上稻草切碎后覆盖还田宜选择0.8 kg·m-2还田量。Objective The aim is to reveal the effects of different straw returning quantities on cropland soil fauna community. Method An experiment with four types of straw returning quantities[0.8(T20), 0.4(T10), 0.2(T5) kg·m-2 and no straw returning(ck)], were carried out in 5 m×5 m quadrats. Hand-picking method and dry and wet funnel separation method were used in the experiment. Result The total soil animals 1 194 were captured in this survey, belonging to 3 phyla, 11 classes, 19 orders and 44 families. The average density of soil animals was 4.45×105 ind·m-2. The density and variety of soil animals in the sample land increased significantly after straw returning(P < 0.05). The varieties were ranked as follows:T20(37) > T10(30) > T5(28) > ck(17). The vertical distribution of soil fauna community was obvious, and the density of soil fauna decreased with the deepening of soil layer, which had obvious surface aggregation. Two months after straw returning, T20 had the highest diversity index, evenness index and species richness. Five months after straw returning, T10 had the highest predominant index. Conclusion 0.8 kg·m-2 straw returning quantity is suggested.

关 键 词：土壤动物学 稻草还田 土壤动物 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S718.6[农业科学—林学]