平原区深层隐伏岩溶塌陷主控因子地球物理调查方法适用性分析  

Applicability of geophysical survey methods for the main controlling factors of deep covered karst collapse in plain areas

作　　者：房浩[1,2] 李巧灵 雷晓东[3] 王海刚[2] 李晨[3] 关伟[3] 何祎[3] FANG Hao;LI Qiaoling;LEI Xiaodong;WANG Haigang;LI Chen;GUAN Wei;HE Yi(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Geo-Exploration Technology,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [3]北京市地质勘察技术院,北京100120

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2020年第1期153-160,共8页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“京津冀地区地质环境综合调查与监测”(DD20190679);北京市地质矿产勘查开发局财政项目“通州城市副中心地区重大地质问题调查与评价”(PXM2016_158203_000008)

摘　　要：岩溶塌陷研究目前主要关注100 m以浅的浅部岩溶,埋深大于100 m的深层隐伏岩溶塌陷的研究较少,也未形成成熟的调查方法和标准。深埋岩溶区存在岩溶塌陷的风险,以往资料表明,断裂构造、覆盖层结构等对深埋岩溶塌陷具有重要控制作用。要评价深层隐伏岩溶塌陷的危险性,查明各主控因子的发育特征是前提条件。文章以北京平原区东部深层隐伏岩溶塌陷为例,分析对比了重力测量、电阻率测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、高密度电法及微动测量等5种方法在调查断裂构造、碳酸盐岩地层顶板破碎程度、覆盖层厚度以及覆盖层底部土层结构等4个主控因子的适用性。结果表明:在平原区调查深层隐伏岩溶塌陷主控因子,断裂构造特征建议选择重力测量法和CSAMT;碳酸盐岩地层顶板破碎程度以电阻率测深和CSAMT为好;适用于覆盖层厚度探测的方法为CSAMT、微动测量法和电阻率测深法;覆盖层底部土层结构的探测可优先选择微动测量法和电阻率测深法。So far,most of the researches on karst collapses have focused on shallow karst of less than 100 m in depth,while the deep covered karst collapses of more than 100 m in depth were seldom examined. Therefore,there are no mature survey methods and standards. Considering the cost and applicability of geophysical methods,the deep karst collapses are investigated indirectly because of the large thickness of overburden. In this paper,an application example in the eastern part of the Beijing plain is given. Considering the main controlling factors of deep covered karst collapses,including fractures,fragmentation degree of the carbonate rock roof,thickness of the overburden cover,and properties of the soil layer at the bottom of overburden,the authors discuss the applicability of five geophysical methods,including the high-precision gravity survey,antiinterference electric sounding,controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellrics( CSAMT),microtremor survey and high-density resistivity method. The results show that in the geophysical investigation of deep karst collapses in the plain area,the better methods of fracture geometry features detection are the gravity survey and CSAMT. The anti-interference electric sounding and CSAMT are good at detecting fragmentation degree of the carbonate rock roof,and the suitable methods of overburden thickness detection are CSAMT,microtremor survey and high-density resistivity method. The methods of overburden structure detection give high priority to the microtremor survey and resistivity method.

关 键 词：北京平原区 深层隐伏岩溶 岩溶 塌陷 地球物理方法 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]