论美国宪法弹劾权的形成及潜在的制度困境  

Study on the Formation of Impeachment in the U.S. Constitution and Its Potential Institutional Dilemma

作　　者：孙竞超 SUN Jing-chao(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第12期100-103,143,共5页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：弹劾是美国宪法规定的,针对总统、副总统及合众国政府文官特定违法行为进行政治性审判的权力。通过梳理制宪会议辩论中的弹劾权问题,分析汉密尔顿在《联邦论》中对弹劾权宪法条款的辩护,以及考察弹劾权在美国早期的实践可知,美国宪法对弹劾程序和弹劾对象的规定十分模糊,实践中逐渐分化形成的行政弹劾和司法弹劾存在无成功先例、启动难等潜在的制度困境,这使得弹劾难以成为美国人民反抗公权力的最终武器。Accordingtothe U.S.Constitution,the President,Vice President and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for specific illegal behaviors.Through analyzing the issue of the power of impeachment during the Constitution Convention and Hamilton's defense of the clause of impeachment in the Constitution in the Federalist Paper,as well as the practice of impeachment in the early period of the U.S.,as it may see,the process and the object of impeachment are both ambiguous,and either administrative or judicial impeachment has the potential institutional dilemma of lackingsuccessfulprecedent and processing,which prevents the power of impeachment as a final weapon of American people to fight against public power abuse.

关 键 词：弹劾权 美国宪法 汉密尔顿 《联邦论》 

分 类 号：D921.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]