黑色地膜覆盖土壤水热效应及对玉米产量的影响  

Effects of Black Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture, Soil Temperature and Maize Yield

作　　者：霍轶珍[1,2] 丁春莲 王文达[1,2] 韩翠莲 郭彦芬[1,2] 李生勇 HUO Yizhen;DING Chunlian;WANG Wenda;HAN Cuilian;GUO Yanfen;LI Shengyong(Hetao University,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Technology Research Center,Hetao Irrigation District,Bayannur,Inner Mongolia 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]河套学院,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [2]内蒙古自治区河套灌区灌溉排水工程技术研究中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2020年第1期335-339,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0400205);“乌梁素海流域山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程支持计划项目”“农田排水水质分析评价及水资源再利用技术研究”(K 201754)

摘　　要：为探究黑色地膜覆盖在河套灌区玉米种植过程中的适宜性,试验对比研究了黑、白色地膜覆盖及不覆膜条件对土壤水热及玉米地上部生物量和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米各生育期内,黑色地膜与白色地膜各土层含水率差异性不显著(p>0.05),达到了土壤保墒的效果,但两者0—60 cm土壤含水率显著高于不覆膜处理(p<0.05)。黑色地膜覆盖达到了土壤增温、保温的作用,且在高温条件下起到了一定的降温效果。生育前期两覆膜处理地上部干物质累积量均显著高于不覆膜处理(p<0.05),且两处理间无显著性差异(p>0.05),进入抽雄吐丝期以后,各处理间差异不显著(p>0.05)。黑色地膜覆盖显著提高了玉米百粒重和产量,百粒重平均较白色地膜和不覆膜处理高6.37%和11.95%,产量平均高5.12%和22.90%。黑色地膜覆盖适宜在河套灌区玉米种植过程中推广应用。In order to explore the suitability of black plastic film mulching in the process of maize planting in Hetao Irrigation District,three treatments including white plastic film,black plastic film and no plastic film were set up to study the effects of different mulching treatments on soil moisture,soil temperature,dry matter accumulation and yield of maize.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil moisture content between black plastic film and white plastic film mulching during the growth period of Maize(p>0.05),however,soil moisture content of 0—60 cm layer under the treatments of black plastic film and white plastic film mulching was significantly higher than that of no plastic film treatment(p<0.05);the black plastic film has the effect on increasing the temperature and heat preservation of the soil,and it had a certain cooling effect in the high temperature conditions;the aboveground biomass with white plastic film and black plastic film mulching was significantly higher than that of no plastic film treatment in the early procreation of maize(p<0.05),and the two treatments were no significant difference(p>0.05);after maize tassel stage,there was no significant difference among treatments(p>0.05);the black plastic film mulching significantly increased the 100-grain weight and yield of maize,the average 100-grain weight was 6.37%and 11.95%higher than those of white plastic film and non plastic film mulching,and the average yield was increased by 5.12%and 22.90%,respectively,compared with those of the white plastic film and non plastic film mulching.Black plastic film mulching is suitable for popularization and application in maize planting process in Hetao Irrigation District.

关 键 词：黑色地膜 土壤水分 土壤温度 干物质累积量 产量 玉米 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S152.8[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]