基于地基GPS资料的天山山区夏季大气可降水量特征  

Characteristics of Precipitable Water Vapor over the Tianshan Mountains Based on GPS Observations

作　　者：于晓晶[1,2,3] 唐永兰 于志翔[5] 赵玲 姚俊强[1] YU Xiaojing;TANG Yonglan;YU Zhixiang;ZHAO Ling;YAO Junqiang(Institute of Desert Meteorology,CMA,Urumqi 830002;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research,Institute of Heavy Rain,CMA,Wuhan 430205;Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station,National Satellite Meteorological Centre,Urumqi 830011)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学与地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所暴雨监测预警湖北省重点实验室,武汉430205 [5]乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《气象》2019年第12期1691-1699,共9页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41505025);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01B06);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2011002)共同资助

摘　　要：基于新疆天山山区2012-2015年夏季的GPS/PWV资料、探空资料和逐日降水资料,运用多种统计方法,分析天山山区夏季大气可降水量(PWV)的时空变化特征,并初步探讨其原因。从夏季平均值分布来看,天山山区各站PWV分布存在明显差异,与海拔高度呈显著负相关关系;且低海拔站点PWV比高海拔站点表现出更大的发散性和可变性,有雨日PWV的极值、中位数等整体高于无雨日。天山山区夏季PWV表现出显著的月变化和日变化。大部分站点7月PWV最大,6月次之,8月最少;一日之中在10时左右出现日最大值,个别站点表现出不同的变化特征,且有雨日和无雨日也存在一定差异。天山山区各站夏季降水量与其PWV关联性不明显,降水量和水分循环指数均与海拔高度呈显著正相关关系。这可能是因为夏季山区高海拔站点更易产生局地对流性降水,从而增加水分循环次数所致。Based on the precipitable water vapor(PWV) data observed by Global Positioning System(GPS),the radiosonde data and daily precipitation data and employing several statistical methods,characteristics of summer PWV over the Tianshan Mountains and their possible reasons were analyzed.For the distribution of summer PWV average,remarkable differences exist among stations over the Tianshan Mountains,and there is a significant negative relationship between PWV and station altitude.The PWV at lower altitudes exhibits more variabilities and divergences than that at higher altitudes.The extreme and median of PWV in rainy days exceed those in rainless days.The daily and monthly variations of summer PWV are considerable,and most stations present maximum in July and minimum in August.As to diurnal variation,most stations have maximum at about 10 o’clock while some individual stations exhibit opposite features,and discrepancies still exit between rainy days and rainless days.There is no direct correlation between precipitation and PWV.However,precipitation and water cycle index are positively related to station altitude,which maybe be attributed to more local convective precipitation processes over higher mountains in summer and more water cycle frequencies.

关 键 词：地基GPS 大气可降水量 日变化 夏季降水 

分 类 号：P416[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426