宋元时期江南运河对嘉湖平原圩田体系的影响  

Influence of Jiangnan Canal on Jiaxing and Huzhou Plain’s Polder System in Song and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：王建革[1] 周晴[2] WANG Jiange;ZHOU Qing(Institute of Historical Geography,Fudan University;Guangzhou Institute of Geography)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心 [2]广州地理研究所

出　　处：《风景园林》2019年第12期21-27,共7页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号18ZDA178)~~

摘　　要：嘉湖平原传统的圩田开发过程形成的农业模式是中国经典的生态农业模式的代表,其中湖州的桑基鱼塘系统被认定为全球重要农业文化遗产(GIASH),通过对本区域内圩田相关的历史文献记载的梳理与分析发现:嘉湖平原的圩田农业开发历史悠久,宋元时期嘉湖平原地区沼泽地开发过程中形成以江南运河为主干河道的河网,以运河为框架进行了圩田水利的开发。宋元时期根据嘉湖平原内部的地势与水环境差异,北部形成以荻塘运河为中心的溇港圩田开发模式,中部形成以运河和塘河为中心的围田开发模式,南部以湖杭运河和杭嘉运河为中心形成桑基鱼塘和桑基稻田圩田体系。The agricultural model formed in the traditional polder field development process in Jiaxing and Huzhou Plain is a representative of the classical ecological agriculture model in China. The mulberry fish pond system of Huzhou is recognized as a globally important agricultural heritage system. Through sorting out and analyzing the historical documents related to polders in the region, this study has found that the Jiaxing and Huzhou Plain has a long history of polder reclamation. The river network with the Jiangnan Canal as the main channel was built during the development of wetlands of the Jiaxing and Huzhou Plain in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The canals were used as framework for the development of the polder water conservancy. The Lougang polder model was constructed on the basis of the Ditang Canal in the north of the plain, the polder development model was formed in the middle centered on the canal and ponds, and the mulberry fish pond and mulberry rice field polder systems were formed in the south centered on the Huzhou-Hangzhou Canal and the Hangzhou-Jiaxing Canal according to the differences of topography and water environment in the Jiaxing and Huzhou Plain in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

关 键 词：嘉湖平原 江南运河 圩田 桑基鱼塘 桑基稻田 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]