皖东地区麦稻轮作农田径流氮磷流失特征研究  

Study on Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Runoff of Wheat-rice Rotation in Anhui Eastern Area

作　　者：娄云[1] 朱国美[1] 赵怀瑾 高正宝 LOU Yun;ZHU Guo-mei;ZHAO Huai-jin(Chuzhou Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Chuzhou,Anhui 239000;Chuzhou Soil and Fertilizer Workstation,Chuzhou,Anhui 239000)

机构地区：[1]滁州市农业技术推广中心,安徽滁州239000 [2]滁州市土壤肥料工作站,安徽滁州239000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第2期78-80,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：全国种植业产排污系数监测项目“农田氮磷流失监测”

摘　　要：为探究化肥减施和秸秆还田对氮磷流失的影响,采用田间径流池法,通过连续3年田间试验,研究农田地表径流氮磷流失特征。结果表明,麦稻轮作农田径流年总氮流失量为25.78~39.15 kg/hm 2,总磷流失量为1.14~4.06 kg/hm 2,总氮67%、总磷63%都是在麦季流失的。麦季氮素主要以硝态氮形式流失,稻季则以铵态氮形式流失,磷流失量多以可溶性磷形式流失。氮磷减施25%能够减少总氮、总磷径流流失量的5.6%和8.9%,且对作物产量没有显著影响。秸秆还田总氮径流流失量增加了0.55 kg/hm 2,增加1.82%,总磷径流流失量减少了0.16 kg/hm 2,减少6.08%。In order to explore the effects of fertilizer application and straw return on the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus,the field runoff pond method was used to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from farmland surface runoff through three consecutive years of field experiments.The results showed that the annual total nitrogen loss of wheat-rice rotation was 25.78-39.15 kg/hm 2,the total phosphorus loss was 1.14-4.06 kg/hm^2,total nitrogen 67%and total phosphorus 63%were lost in the wheat season.The nitrogen in the wheat season was mainly lost in the form of nitrate nitrogen,and the rice season was lost in the form of ammonium nitrogen.The amount of phosphorus loss was mostly lost in the form of soluble phosphorus.Nitrogen and phosphorus reduction of 25%could reduce the loss of total nitrogen and total phosphorus runoff by 5.6%and 8.9%,and had no significant effect on crop yield.The total nitrogen runoff loss from straw returning increased by 0.55 kg/hm^2,increasing by 1.82%,and the total phosphorus runoff loss was reduced by 0.16 kg/hm^2,a decrease of 6.08%.

关 键 词：麦稻轮作 地表径流 氮磷流失 秸秆还田 皖东地区 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X21