大质量熔融铝液遇水爆炸效应评估  

Analysis on Water Explosion Effect of Massive Molten Aluminum

作　　者：沈正祥 陈虎 沈建民 牛亚平 王杜 吕中杰[2] SHEN Zhengxiang;CHEN Hu;SHEN Jianmin;NIU Yaping;WANG Du;LYU Zhongjie(Port-neighboring Equipment Safety Assessment Center,Ningbo Special Equipment Inspection&Research Institute Ningbo,Zhejiang 315048)

机构地区：[1]宁波市特种设备检验研究院临港设备安全评价中心,浙江宁波315048 [2]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2020年第1期13-16,52,共5页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：浙江省质量技术基础建设项目(20180119)

摘　　要：为揭示蒸汽爆炸灾害形成机制,建立了大质量熔融铝液遇水自触发爆炸反应模拟装置。根据反应特征和破坏程度,熔融铝液遇水爆炸反应可分为柔和爆炸、剧烈爆炸与猛烈爆炸等3种类型;基于爆炸相似准则,定量化描述了爆炸反应的冲击波破坏效应;热效应则来自冲击波绝热压缩和产物热交换耦合作用;从热力学角度来看,铝液与容器底面夹裹形成过热亚稳态水,可认为是爆炸反应的触发源。In order to investigate the formation mechanism of vapor explosion disaster,a large mass molten metal(aluminum)has been prepared to simulate the self-triggering explosion reaction when it encounters water.According to the reaction characteristics and damage degree,the reaction of molten aluminum liquid with water explosion can be divided into three types:mild explosion,violent explosion and catastrophic explosion.Based on the similarity criterion of explosion,the destruction effect of blast wave in explosion reaction is described quantitatively.The thermal effect comes from the coupling of the shock wave adiabatic compression and the product heat exchange.From the perspective of thermodynamics,the superheated metastable water formed by the clamped aluminum liquid and the bottom surface of the container can be considered as the trigger source of the explosion reaction.

关 键 词：蒸汽爆炸 熔融金属 冲击波 热效应 过热极限 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]