河南省成土母质与土壤空间分布多样性的特征  

Diversities of Soil Forming Parent Materials and Spatial Distribution of Soils in Henan Province

作　　者：任圆圆[1,2] 张学雷 李笑莹[1] 孙鹏 段金龙 REN Yuanyuan;ZHANG Xuelei;LI Xiaoying;SUN Peng;DUAN Jinlong(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Institute of Natural Resources and Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Social Development Research Center of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与环境学院,自然资源与生态环境研究所,郑州450001 [2]郑州轻工业学院社会发展研究中心,郑州450002 [3]河南工业大学信息科学与工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《土壤学报》2019年第6期1309-1320,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571208);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41701237)资助~~

摘　　要：成土母质作为土壤发育的主要形成因素,二者间的关系密切。选取河南省作为研究区,从多样性的角度运用经典的仙农熵测度方法分析成土母质和土壤要素的构成组分多样性、不同母质基础上各土壤分类级别的多样性特征,并运用改进的仙农熵公式研究5 km×5 km网格尺度下不同成土母质对土类空间分布离散程度的影响及不同成土母质和土壤的空间分布多样性特征和相关性。结果表明:(1)成土母质类型虽少,但其构成组分多样性高于土类,这与二者分类系统的分支率有关;(2)6类母质类型中,残积、坡积物母质面积最大且发育土壤类型最为复杂;15种土壤类型与6类母质之间的关系有一对多、一对一和多对一3种类型;(3)不同母质上发育的土类的空间分布离散性程度不同,残积、坡积物母质上分布的优势土类为粗骨土,河流冲积物和河湖相沉积物母质上的优势土类分别是潮土和砂姜黑土,洪积物和黄土与红土母质上发育较好的两种土类为黄褐土和褐土,风积物母质上仅发育了风砂土一种土类;(4)潮土和河流冲积物母质分别是是河南省面积最大、空间分布多样性值最高的土类类型和成土母质类型,且成土母质与土类空间分布多样性间存在不同程度的相关性。综上,河南省的6大类成土母质与15种土类的构成组分多样性和空间分布离散性程度存在差异,且二者的空间分布多样性间存在一定的相关性。【Objective】According to the classical Dokuchaev soil genesis theory,soil is formed under the comprehensive effect of five environmental factors,i.e.,parent material,climate,biology,topography,and time,among which parent material is the very fundamental one,very closely related to soils.Researchers have made certain progresses in the study on relationships of soils with the factors,but,apart from some early preliminary studies in this aspect,few in-depth reports are found in the literature on relationships of soil parent material with soil factors from the angle of diversity.So this study selected Henan Province for a case study to explore soil elements and composition and soil classes or types in various soil classification system in relation to diversity of soil forming parent materials,effects of soil forming parent material on dispersiveness of spatial distribution of soil great groups,and characteristics and correlations of spatial distribution diversity of the two on a 5 km×5 km grid scale with the classical and modified Shannon entropy methods,in an attempt to enrich steadily the knowledge about the trend of evolvement of the research on soil diversity to that on land diversity.【Method】Both the classical Shannon entropy formula and modified Shannon entropy formula were used to characterize the composition and spatial distribution diversities of soil forming parent materials and soils.First of all,data of soil forming parent materials were extracted from the data of soil parent materials on the soil genus level based on the soil parent material classification.And with the aid of the spatial data processing and analysis function of ArcGIS10.2 software,the soil farming parent materials in Henan Province were sorted into 6 groups.Then the richness index and composition diversity of the various parent materials and soil elements were calculated with the classical Shannon entropy formula.And number of soil types and bifurcation ratios relative to each group of parent materials and corresponding relations

关 键 词：成土母质 土壤 空间分布多样性 河南 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] K903[农业科学—农业基础科学]