有机物料对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响  

Effects of Organic Materials on Soil Organic Carbon Combination Form and Composition of Humus in the Desert Soil

作　　者：俄胜哲[1] 时小娟 车宗贤[1] 海龙[2] 马倩倩 袁金华[1] 姚佳璇 E Shengzhe;SHI Xiaojuan;CHE Zongxian;HAI Long;MA Qianqian;YUAN Jinhua;YAO Jiaxuan(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Resources and Environment,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤学报》2019年第6期1436-1448,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801103);国家自然科学基金项目(41661072);甘肃省农业科学院创新专项(2017GAAS26)资助~~

摘　　要：为查明不同有机物料的土壤培肥效果,通过持续7 a的定位试验,研究了长期不施肥(CK)、仅施化肥氮磷(NP)、70%NP+牛粪(NF)、70%NP+猪粪(ZF)、70%NP+鸡粪(JF)、70%NP+沼渣(ZZ)、70%NP+菌渣(JZ)和70%NP+污泥(WN)对灌漠土结合态腐殖质及其组分的影响。结果表明,施有机物料处理土壤有机碳含量和储量较对照(CK)和常规施肥(NP)均显著(P<0.05)增加,但增幅有差异,鸡粪和污泥处理增幅最高,其次为猪粪。牛粪、猪粪和污泥处理游离态有机碳含量显著高于对照和常规施肥,而猪粪、鸡粪、菌渣、沼渣和污泥处理结合态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著(P<0.05)增加。6种有机物料处理土壤结合态腐殖质的胡敏酸(HA)含量较对照和常规施肥均显著(P<0.05)增加,而仅有菌渣对土壤松结态腐殖质影响不显著,但施菌渣和沼渣土壤稳结态腐殖质含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P<0.05)。施鸡粪、沼渣和污泥土壤紧结合态腐殖质和富里酸含量较对照和常规施肥显著增加(P<0.05),而胡敏素含量仅有牛粪和鸡粪处理较对照处理显著增加(P<0.05)。综上,有机物料种类显著影响土壤游离态有机碳、结合态有机碳含量、腐殖质结合形态及其组分,进而影响土壤有机碳含量。猪粪、鸡粪和污泥的土壤培肥效果较好,而牛粪、菌渣和沼渣的效果略差。【Objective】In order to explore effects of organic material,relative to type,on soil fertility,a 7-year long field experiment was conducted in the desert soil of Hexi Oasis.【Method】The experiment was designed to have 8 treatments,that is,CK(no fertilization),NP(application of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen and phosphorus),NF(70%NP+cow manure),ZF(70%NP+pig manure),JF(70%NP+chicken manure),ZZ(70%NP+biogas sludge),JZ(70%NP+mushroom substrate residue)and WN(70%NP+sewage sludge).All the organic material treatments were the same in organic carbon input and in NP application rate equivalent to 70%of the rate in treatment NP【.Result】Results show that all the organic treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon content and stock as compared with the control(CK)and Treatment NP(P<0.05),but the increase varied significantly in degree,and was the highest in Treatments JF and WN,which was followed by Treatment ZF and then the rest.The effect on free organic carbon content was significantly higher in Treatments NF,ZF and WN than in Treatments CK and NP,and so was that on soil combined humus content(P<0.05),except in Treatment NF.Moreover,soil loosely combined humus content increased significantly in all the organic treatments,except for Treatment JZ,and so did humic acid(HA)content in all the organic treatments(P<0.05),stably combined humus content in Treatments JZ and ZZ(P<0.05),tightly combined humus content in Treatments JF,ZZ and WN(P<0.05),fulvic acid(FA)content in Treatments JF,WN and ZZ(P<0.05),and humin content in Treatments NF and JF only(P<0.05).【Conclusion】In conclusion,organic materials significantly affects free soil organic carbon and combined organic carbon in content and combination form and composition of humus,an hence soil organic carbon content and stock,and the effects of pig manure,chicken manure and sewage sludge improving soil fertility are higher than those of cow manure,mushroom substrate residue and biogas residue.

关 键 词：土壤有机碳 结合态腐殖质 河西绿洲 灌漠土 土壤培肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]