印度的联合国外交：态度变化、议题变迁及评价  

India’s UN Diplomacy: Attitude Variation, Issue Changes and Evaluation

作　　者：李丽 LI Li

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学法学院国际关系学系

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2019年第6期43-55,152,153,共15页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：上海哲社青年课题“西方干预话语与实践的批判性研究”（项目编号：2018EGJ002）的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：受领导人个人因素、国家安全需求以及整体对外战略的影响,印度自独立以来对联合国的态度经历了从积极到消极,再从消极到谨慎的转变。除了态度发生变化外,在不同时期,印度联合国外交关注的主导性议题也具有差异。冷战时期,印度的联合国外交重点关注的议题包括去殖民化运动,反对种族歧视和隔离,核裁军和核不扩散以及印巴克什米尔问题。冷战后,印度更关注联合国维和行动、联合国改革、恐怖主义和性别平等、人权问题、气候变化、互联网治理等问题。在这些不同的议题领域中,印度扮演了倡导者、支持者甚至反对者的角色。作为印度外交整体框架中的一部分,印度的联合国外交服务于国家的对外目标,即追求成为一个有声有色的大国。在联合国平台上,印度主要通过这些方式实现自己的对外政策目标:与安理会常任理事国靠近,开展集团外交,利用联合国搭建的交流平台,以及争取成为安理会常任理事国。尽管印度的联合国外交取得了一定的成效,例如印度在联合国许多机构中占据了高层位置,获得了联合国及其各种专门机构大量的经济和技术援助,但它也存在一些问题,突出体现为:利用联合国平台解决传统和非传统安全问题为印度树立了矛盾的国家形象;国内的差异掣肘了对外目标的追求以及与周边国家的争端限制了印度的战略空间和安全关切的范围。Due to the influence of leaders’personality,national security needs and overall foreign strategy,India’s attitude towards the United Nations since independence has experienced changes.In addition to attitude changes,the dominant issues concerning to India have also changed.During the Cold War era,the dominant issues concerning to India included decolonization,anti-racial discrimination and separatism,nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation and Kashmir.After the Cold War,India care about the issues like UN peacekeeping,UN reform,terrorism and gender equality,human rights,climate change and network governance etc.In these different issue areas,India plays the role of advocate,supporter and opponent.As part of its foreign policy’s overall framework,India’s United Nations diplomacy serves its external goal of pursuing to be a great power.On the UN platform,India has mainly achieved its foreign policy objectives through these means:getting close to the permanent members of the Security Council,group diplomacy,using platforms of the UN,and seeking to be the permanent member of the UNSC.Although India’s UN diplomacy has been paid off,for example,India has occupied high positions in many UN agencies and gained lots of economic and technique assistance from UN and its special agencies,it also has constraints,which are highlighted by the fact that the use of the UN platform to solve traditional and non-traditional security issues has created a contradictory national image for India;domestic differences have limited its pursuit of external goals;and disputes with neighboring countries have constrained India’s strategic space and security concerns.

关 键 词：印度 联合国外交 入常 态度变化 议题变迁 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]