中小尺度嵌套下考虑停机位置的大型风力机体系风振响应分析  

Wind vibration response analysis of large wind turbine system considering stopping position under meso-micro scale

作　　者：徐璐[1,3] 柯世堂 XU Lu;KE Shitang(Department of Civil Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Hi-Tech Research for Wind Turbine Design,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;China Energy Engineering Group Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学土木工程系,南京210016 [2]南京航空航天大学江苏省风力机设计高技术研究重点实验室,南京210016 [3]中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司,广州510663

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第1期91-101,130,共12页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金NSFC-RGC合作研究项目(5171101042);国家自然科学基金(U1733129);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878351);国家973计划项目(2014CB046200);中国博士后科学基金(2015T80551);江苏省六大人才高峰高层次人才计划项目(JZ-026)

摘　　要：国内外风工程界采用的风力机体系风效应分析方法通常基于良态气候模式,而台风边界层风特性不同于良态气候模式,台风作用过程中会表现出明显的时空变异性和多尺度涡结构。针对现存土木工程台风模型理论体系过度简化的问题,引入考虑真实台风场强变异性和衰减效应的中尺度天气预报模式(WRF)对“鹦鹉”台风进行高时空分辨率模拟,重点对比台风登陆前、登陆时和登陆后台风风向和风强特征,并结合模拟台风中心路径与实测路径的对比结果验证了中尺度台风“鹦鹉”模拟的有效性。以中国东南沿海地区某风电厂5 MW水平轴风力机为对象,基于WRF模拟获得近地面三维风场数据,并结合小尺度CFD大涡模拟技术分别对叶片单个旋转周期不同停机位置工况进行三维非定常数值模拟。在此基础上,结合有限元完全瞬态法对不同停机工况进行了风振响应动力时程分析,提炼出停机位置对体系风振响应和风振系数的影响规律,最终归纳总结了台风作用下大型风力机体系最不利停机位置。结果表明:采用WRF模式可以有效模拟近地面台风风场,拟合的台风剖面指数为0.076;台风下塔架内力和风振系数显著增大,尤其是与塔架相对位置最近的叶片风振响应最为不利,内力最大增幅达35%。分析发现:当台风作用下大型风力机处于停机状态,下叶片与塔架完全重合(工况1)时为最不利,旋转至上叶片完全重合(工况5)时安全余度最大。Wind effect analysis methods for wind turbine systems used in wind engineering are usually based on a good state of climate models at home and abroad.Wind characteristics of typhoon boundary layer are different from those of good state of climate models,and typhoon can reveal obvious time-space variability and multi-scale vortex structure.Here,aiming at problems of theoretical system of civil engineering typhoon model being oversimplified,a meso-scale weather forecast(WRF)model was introduced to simulate the typhoon"Nuri"with high time-space resolution.Firstly,the central task is to compare typhoon’s wind direction and wind strength features before,during and after landing.Then,the typhoon center path simulation results were compared with the measured ones to verify the effectiveness of the meso-scale typhoon"Nuri"simulation.Taking a 5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine of a wind power plant in southeast coastal area of China as the object,the near ground 3-D wind field data were obtained based on the WRF simulation,and the small scale CFD large eddy simulation technology was used to do 3-D nonstationary numerical simulation for single rotating period of blades under conditions of different stop positions.Then,the finite element full transient method was used to do the dynamic time history analysis for the system’s wind vibration response under conditions of different stop positions,and extract influence law of stop positions on wind vibration response and wind vibration coefficient of the system.Finally,the most unfavorable stop positions of large wind turbine system under typhoon were summarized.The results showed that the WRF model can effectively be used to simulate typhoon’s near ground wind field,and the fitted typhoon profile index is 0.076;the tower frame internal force and wind vibration coefficient increase significantly under typhoon,especially,wind vibration response of the blade closest to the tower frame is the most unfavorable,the internal force amplitude increases up to 35%;when the large wind

关 键 词：风力机 中小尺度嵌套 大涡模拟 停机位置 风振响应 风振系数 

分 类 号：TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]