基于振动分布特征的电力变压器绕组故障诊断  

Winding fault diagnosis of power transformer based on vibration distribution features

作　　者：杨毅 刘石 张楚 韩丹 孟源源 胡异炜 郑婧[2] 黄海[2] YANG Yi;LIU Shi;ZHANG Chu;HAN Dan;MENG Yuanyuan;HU Yiwei;ZHENG Jing;HUANG Hai(Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510080,China;Department of Instrumentation Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310013,China)

机构地区：[1]广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,广州510080 [2]浙江大学仪器科学与工程学系,杭州310013

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第1期199-208,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：南方网科技专项(GDKJQQ20153006);国家863课题(2014AA032705);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(61603335)

摘　　要：振动分析法是实现电力变压器带电监测与故障诊断的重要手段,而基于振动分析法的故障诊断方法的关键在于从复杂的油箱壁振动信号中提取出状态特征(值或矢量)。传统的状态特征提取方法大多选取单个测点的振动信号进行时域或频域特征的提取,往往忽略了各测点间的振动分布特征。从振动重心的角度对振动分布的幅值重心及重心轨迹进行研究与分析,能够提出四个量化参数。在四个量化参数的基础上结合支持向量机分类算法提出基于振动分布特征的变压器绕组故障诊断模型。实际变压器的绕组故障实验以及十余台台电力变压器现场实测数据样本的分析与测试结果均表明,提出的振动分布特征及量化参数能够有效反映变压器绕组变形、压紧力松弛等机械结构变化,而基于振动分布特征的绕组故障诊断模型也可准确的对变压器绕组机械结构状态进行检测与诊断。Vibration analysis method is an important means to realize live monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformers.The key to the fault diagnosis method based on vibration analysis is to extract state features(values or vectors)from complex vibration signals on oil tank wall.Most of the traditional state feature extraction methods choose a single measured point’s vibration signal to extract its features of time domain or frequency one,and ignore vibration distribution features among various measured points.Here,amplitude barycenter and barycenter trajectory of vibration distribution were studied and analyzed from the view point of vibration barycenter to propose 4 quantized parameters.Based on these 4 quantized parameters and the support vector machine(SVM)classification algorithm,the winding fault diagnosis model for power transformer based on vibration distribution features was proposed.The measurement results of actual power transformer winding fault tests and analysis ones of measured data samples acquired from more than 10 power transformers on site showed that the proposed vibration distribution features and quantized parameters can effectively reflect changes in transformer winding deformation and compression force relaxation,etc.;the winding fault diagnosis model based on vibration distribution features can also correctly detect and diagnose mechanical structure states of power transformer winding.

关 键 词：电力变压器 振动分布特征 绕组故障诊断 压紧力松弛 支持向量机(SVM) 

分 类 号：TM471[电气工程—电器]