高密度三维地震观测系统设计技术与应用  

Design of a high-density three-dimensional seismic geometry and its application

作　　者：崔庆辉[1] 尚新民[1] 滕厚华[1] 关键 芮拥军[1] CUI Qinghui;SHANG Xinmin;TENG Houhua;GUAN Jian;RUI Yongjun(Geophysical Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield,Sinopec,Dongying 257055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司胜利物探研究院,山东东营257055

出　　处：《石油物探》2020年第1期12-22,59,共12页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：重大专项“地震与井筒精细勘探关键技术”(2016ZX05006002)资助。

摘　　要：经过常规三维地震采集和高精度三维地震采集后,我国东部产油区油气勘探正在向高密度三维地震采集方式过渡。基于前期丰富的地震和地质资料,提出了一套适用于成熟勘探区的高密度三维地震观测系统设计技术。首先将已有高密度采集数据的退化处理结果用于炮道密度的论证,以实现经济成本和勘探效果的平衡,并用于指导本地区新一轮高密度三维地震观测系统的设计;然后对面元边长、最大炮检距、接收线距等主要的观测系统参数,充分利用已有的地震、地质资料,基于目的层地震地质参数模型进行观测系统参数宏观论证;再建立目标地质模型,通过波动方程正演进行观测系统参数精细论证;最后将该技术应用于胜利油田高密度三维地震采集观测系统设计,采集结果表明地震剖面信噪比和分辨能力明显改善,断裂系统刻画清晰,成像精度大幅提高。Conventional and high-precision techniques for three-dimensional(3D)seismic exploration are unable to meet the demand for increasingly fine exploration in the eastern oil region of China.Nonetheless,high-density 3D seismic exploration continues to be developed.Based on the large availability of seismic and geological data,a set of techniques for designing high-density 3D seismic geometries in mature exploration areas was proposed.First,the density of seismic shots and traces was analyzed through degradation processing of existing high-density seismic data,with the aim of balancing the economic cost and“exploration effect,”which acts as a guiding principle for the design of new high-density seismic acquisition in the areas.To obtain other geometric parameters,such as the bin size,maximum offset,and receiving line spacing,we first performed a macro-analysis based on the seismic and geological model parameters of the target layers.We then established the geological model of these layers and carried out a fine analysis of the geometric parameters through wave equation modeling.This technique has been used to guide the geometric design of high-density seismic acquisition in the Shengli Oilfield in recent years.The results showed that the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic sections could be improved by using the proposed seismic geometry,and the fracture systems could be more clearly characterized.

关 键 词：高密度 观测系统设计 退化处理 炮道密度 参数论证 目的层 地质目标 正演模拟 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]