重庆典型山区耕地资产贬值特征及其发生机理  

Characteristics on devaluation of cultivated land and its mechanisms in typical mountainous areas of Chongqing, China

作　　者：王亚辉 辛良杰[3] 李秀彬[3,4] Wang Yahui;Xin Liangjie;Li Xiubin(School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;State Cultivation Base of Eco-Agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land,Chongqing 400715,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [2]西南山地生态循环农业国家级培育基地,重庆400715 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第22期107-114,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41901232);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(41930757);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19XJCZH006);重庆市社会科学规划项目(2018BS59);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(swu118054)

摘　　要：耕地边际化是山区一种典型的土地利用现象,厘清其表现特征及机理对实现土地资本增值和乡村振兴具有重要价值。基于2012和2018年重庆典型山区901份农户问卷及农产品成本收益资料,该文揭示了耕地资产价值的演变特征,并构建Probit模型识别其驱动因素与发生机理。结果表明:1)近年来,案例区耕地资产价值不断下降,单位面积玉米收益由正转为亏本,主要农作物加权净收益从2012年的1384.50元/hm^2降至2018年的252.30元/hm^2;耕地租金从1577.45降至361.65元/hm^2,同时零租金流转比例从71.09%升至82.21%,说明研究区耕地资产价值正处于下滑阶段。2)地块面积、与家庭距离、地块质量和土地细碎化是耕地零租金流转的关键因素,而务农机会成本上升是根源。耕地资产贬值的机理是,城镇化推高了劳动力成本,农业利润不断下降直至亏本,耕地资产出现贬值。期间,山区闲置或抛荒的土地资源变得愈发丰富,政府应合理引入资本,充分挖掘相对富裕的土地资源,以实现土地资本增值和发展当地经济。此外,政府应停止在山区大规模的开垦耕地,但可通过土地整治适当补充耕地,避免公共财政资金浪费和破坏生态环境。Land is the carrier of human activities. All kinds of social and economic problems in the process of urbanization can be reflected in land use. A large number of labor force has been transferred from rural areas especially in mountainous areas to cities, which has changed the population distribution pattern and land use pattern in different time and regional systems. The marginalization of cultivated land is a typical land use pattern in mountainous areas, and clarifying the characteristics of land marginalization and its mechanism can be used for reference to realize land capital appreciation and rural revitalization. By employing the survey data about 901 farm households involving 6563 plots in Wulong District and Youyang County in Chongqing City of China in 2012 and 2018 and compilation of agricultural product cost and benefit data from 2007 to 2017, this paper regarded cultivated land as an asset for families and revealed the evolution characteristics of cultivated land asset value in recent years, and a Probit model was constructed to identify the driving forces and explored the driving mechanism of abovementioned phenomena. The results showed that: 1) in recent years, the assets value of cultivated land in the investigated areas kept declining, which was manifested in the fact that the generally cultivated maize per km^2 has changed from yield to loss, and the average weighted net yield of major crops has decreased from 1 384.50 yuan per hm^2 in 2012 to 252.30 yuan per hm^2 in 2018, with a drop of 77.09%. The average rent of cultivated land dropped from 1577.45 yuan/hm^2 in 2012 to 361.65 yuan/hm^2 in 2018, while the proportion of rent-free land transfer rate from 71.09 % to 82.21 %. It can be seen that the assets value of cultivated land in typical mountainous areas in Chongqing are in the decline stage.(2) Plot size, the distance from the homestead, plot quality and land fragmentation were the important determinants of free-rent land transfer, while the rising opportunity cost of farming was the root caus

关 键 词：农村 土地利用 耕地资产贬值 零租金 退耕还林工程 驱动机理 典型山区 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]