玉米秸秆还田及施磷量对黑土磷吸附与解吸特性的影响  

Effects of corn straw returning and phosphorus application rate on phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics of black soil

作　　者：龚振平[1] 杜婷婷 闫超[1] 马春梅[1] 董守坤[1] 孙洪超 李海瑞[2] Gong Zhenping;Du Tingting;Yan Chao;Ma Chunmei;Dong Shoukun;Sun Hongchao;Li Hairui(College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,大庆163000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第22期161-169,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300204);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA16B401)

摘　　要：以探究松嫩平原玉米连作条件下,秸秆还田与施磷量互作对黑土磷吸附与解吸特性的影响为目的。该试验采取二因素裂区试验设计,主因素为玉米秸秆还田方式,分别为秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆翻埋还田(S1)和秸秆焚烧还田(S2);副因素为施磷水平,分别为0(P0)、34.50(P1)、69(P2)、103.50(P3)kg/hm2(P2O5)。结果表明:1)Langmuir等温吸附方程最适合拟合黑土对磷的吸附特征。2)秸秆还田与施磷量均显著影响黑土对磷的吸附与解吸特性,且两者互作效应显著。在相同秸秆还田方式下,随着施磷量的增加,土壤对磷的吸附能力均逐渐降低,而土壤中磷的解吸量和解吸率均逐渐增加,其中以S0条件下差异最大,S2条件下次之,S1条件下差异最小。在相同施磷水平下,与S0处理相比,S1和S2均能降低土壤对磷的吸附能力,增加土壤中磷的解吸量和解吸率,其中以不施磷肥(P0)处理下差异最大,而在施高磷(P3)处理下差异不显著,此外,S1与S2在各施磷水平下差异均不显著。3)不同施磷处理下的标准需磷量(standardPrequirement,SPR)为71.02~91.67 kg/hm2,其中以S1P2处理的SPR(73.58 kg/hm2)与P2施磷水平(69 kg/hm2)最相近,是松嫩平原黑土区较为适宜的施磷方式。The black soil area of Songnen Plain is an important corn production area in China. The area of continuous corn cropping is large, and a large amount of straw is left over, which causes environmental pollution by burning in the open air. Returning straw to the field is one of the important ways for sustainable development of agriculture. At the same time, straw returning affects the adsorption and fixation of phosphorus in soil, which has a direct impact on the availability of soil phosphorus. In order to explore the effects of straw returning and phosphorus application rate on phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics of black soil under the continuous corn cropping in Songnen Plain. A frame culture experiment was initiated in 2016 at Northeast Agricultural University Experimental Station, where corn was continuously planted for three years. A two-factor split-plot design was adopted in this experiment, the main plot was straw returning method with no straw returning(S0), straw burying(S1) and straw burning(S2), and the sub-plot was phosphorus application level with 0(P0), 34.50(P1), 69(P2), 103.50(P3) kg/hm^2(P2 O5). After the corn was harvested in 2018, the 0-20 cm soil layer was collected to determine the adsorption and desorption performance of soil phosphorus and the content of soil available phosphorus. The results showed that: 1) Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation was the most suitable for fitting the adsorption characteristics of phosphorus of black soil. 2) Both straw returning and phosphorus application rate significantly affected the phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics of black soil, and the interaction between them was significant. Under the same straw returning method, with the increase of phosphorus application rate, the phosphorus adsorption amount of soil, Qm(maximal P adsorption), K(adsorption affinity constant), MBC(maximum buffer capacity) and SPR(standard phosphorus requirement) decreased gradually, while the RDP(readily desorbable P), DPS(degree of P saturati

关 键 词：土壤 磷 吸附 解吸 玉米连作 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]