不同滥用条件下车用锂电池安全性实验研究  

Experimental Study on Safety of Automotive NCM Battery Under Different Abuse Conditions

作　　者：陈吉清[1] 刘蒙蒙 周云郊[1] 兰凤崇[1] 骆济焕 Chen Jiqing;Liu Mengmeng;Zhou Yunjiao;Lan Fengchong;Luo Jihuan(School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Vehicle Engineering,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院广东省汽车工程重点实验室

出　　处：《汽车工程》2020年第1期66-73,共8页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0104100)资助

摘　　要：为提升电动汽车的使用安全性,揭示极端情况下三元锂电池热失控的发生机理与行为特点,对某一12 A·h车用三元锂电池进行过温、过充和内短路等3种不同滥用条件下的热失控实验,探索热失控过程中电池电压、温度等关键参数的变化,对比分析3种热失控行为的特点。结果表明,三元锂电池热失控有明显的触发演变过程;电压突然急剧升高又迅速急剧下降的异常变化可作为判断过充热失控是否发生的条件;过充热失控发生到电池剧烈燃烧之前存在一定的反应时间;相同条件下,过充热失控的剧烈程度和破坏程度要大于内短路和过温热失控。最后基于实验结果,提出改善车用三元锂电池在热、电、机械等滥用条件下安全的建议。In order to improve the use safety of electric vehicle and reveal the mechanism and behavior features of NCM battery runaway in extreme conditions, thermal runaway experiments on an automotive 12 A·h NCM lithium battery under three abuse conditions including over-temperature, overcharge and internal short-circuit are conducted to explore the changes of key parameters such as the voltage and temperature of battery in the course of thermal runaway and comparatively analyze the features of three thermal runaway behaviors. The results show that there is an obvious evolution process of NCM battery thermal runaway, and abnormal changes of battery voltage, which sharply rises suddenly and then sharply fall rapidly, can be taken as the condition to judge the occurrence of thermal runaway caused by overcharge. There is a certain reaction time between the occurrence of overcharge thermal runaway and severely burn out of battery, and under the same conditions, the extents of severity and destruction of overcharge runaway are larger than that of thermal runaway caused by internal short-circuit and over-temperature. In the end, suggestions are given based on experiment results for improving the safety of NCM battery under thermal, electric and mechanical abuse conditions.

关 键 词：电动汽车 三元锂电池 安全性 热失控 实验研究 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]