石油沥青质分子结构模型研究进展  

Research Progress on the Molecular Structure Model of Asphaltene

作　　者：袁梦龙 申海平[1] 侯焕娣[1] Yuan Menglong;Shen Haiping;Hou Huandi(Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油化工科学研究院

出　　处：《广东化工》2020年第2期91-95,共5页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：2018年中国石化股份有限公司重大科研项目（ZD118002-3)

摘　　要：沥青质是石油中最重、结构最复杂的组分,对其分子结构的研究争议较大。目前对沥青质的分子结构认识主要有两种模型,即经典孤岛模型和群岛模型。经典孤岛模型主要由时间分辨荧光去极化、荧光相关谱法、质谱/串联质谱和直接分子成像等技术支持,从芳香核结构、分子量等角度进行了印证。而对于群岛模型,则是由薄膜热解法、稳态荧光发射技术和质谱联用技术等提供支持,从沥青质的整体性质和稠和芳香核的核数来证明。然而沥青质分子结构的复杂性决定了其难以用一种模型来概括,而且质谱技术的结果前后不一。近年来人们更倾向于支持孤岛模型与群岛模型共存。确定孤岛-群岛结构相对比例方法的提出则为这一观点提供了强有力的证明,但这种方法仍有缺陷,如何准确地测定出孤岛-群岛结构相对比例将是未来沥青质分子结构模型的关键和难点。Asphaltene is the heaviest and most complex component of petroleum,and its molecular structure is highly controversial.At present,there are two main models for understanding the molecular structure of asphaltene,namely the classic island model and the archipelago model.The classic island model is mainly supported by time-resolved fluorescence depolarization,fluorescence correlation spectroscopy,mass spectrometry/tandem mass spectrometry and direct molecular imaging.It is confirmed from the perspective of aromatic nuclear structure and molecular weight.For the archipelago model,it is supported by thin film pyrolysis,steady-state fluorescence emission technology and mass spectrometry,from the overall properties of asphaltene and the number of fused aromatic core.However,the complexity of the molecular structure of asphaltenes makes it difficult to generalize with one model,and the results of mass spectrometry are different.In recent years,people tend to support the coexistence of island model and archipelago model.The proposal to determine the relative proportion of island-archipelago provides a strong proof of this view,but this method is still flawed.How to accurately determine the relative proportion of island-archipelago structure is the focus and difficulty of future research on molecular structure model of asphaltene.

关 键 词：沥青质 分子结构 模型 孤岛 群岛 

分 类 号：TE621[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]