农产品质量安全生产技术对要素替代弹性的影响  

Effect of agricultural products safety production technologies on elasticity of substitution

作　　者：康婷[1] 穆月英[1] 侯玲玲 Kang Ting;Mu Yueying;Hou Lingling(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]北京大学现代农学院,北京100871

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第21期280-288,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA074);国家自然科学基金项目(71773121);现代农业产业技术体系(BAIC01-2018);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300210)联合资助

摘　　要：农产品质量安全受到各界高度关注,为促进质量安全生产技术的可持续采用,该文侧重对质量安全生产技术的作用机制进行研究。首先对质量安全技术通过要素产出和替代弹性作用于质量安全的机制进行理论分析,在此基础上,结合农户调研混合数据,采用随机前沿超越对数生产函数和联立方程组模型进行实证检验。主要研究结论为:第一,质量安全技术通过作用于要素产出弹性和要素替代弹性两方面发挥要素配置效应,保障农产品质量安全,此外,质量安全技术通过产出弹性进而间接作用于要素替代弹性的影响路径未得到实证结果的支持;第二,生产过程控制类质量安全技术,如高温熏(闷)棚和土壤消毒,能通过有效提高化肥产出弹性从而减少化肥的使用,此外高温熏(闷)棚技术能降低农药对土地的替代从而减少农药使用;第三,质量安全技术的作用更加显著地体现为抑制产量波动而非提高产量,如病虫害预防类技术(防虫网和防虫板)等作用于产量的方差,但无法显著提高产量的均值,因此对化肥和农药的产出弹性造成负向作用。研究结果为生产实践中质量安全生产技术的推广和促进质量安全生产技术可持续采用提供了实证依据和对策参考。Food safety is related to public health and has been highlighted worldwide. In order to motivate peasants to adopt food safety production techniques sustainably, what is the relationship between food safety production technologies and production factors and how these technologies work on food safety are important but still remain to be answered. This study explores the mechanism how food safety production techniques improve food safety and quality by factor allocation effect which can be decomposed into factor substitution effect and factor output effect. In order to address these problems, we constructed a theoretical framework based on biased technological change and explained how food safety production technologies affect factor output and substitution elasticity,especially output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticides and factor substitution elasticity between them and other factors. On the basis of theoretical framework, empirical model was constructed using a two-year pooled-data of household survey gathered from main vegetable production areas around Bohai bay. The survey was conducted in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning covering household characteristics, cost-benefit situation and food safety production technology adoption. By employing stochastic frontier translog production function, accurate output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticide and substitution elasticity between them and three other kinds of input factors(labor, land and other input) could be estimated accurately. In order to eliminate endogenous problems induced by indirect path of food safety production technologies on factor substitution elasticity through factor output elasticity, simultaneous equations was adopted. The result showed that:1)according to the result of stochastic frontier translog function, output elasticity of fertilizer was negative which proved that fertilizer had been overused. Output elasticity of pesticides was near zero indicating that pesticide had damage abatement effect rather than production incre

关 键 词：农产品 质量控制 安全生产技术 要素产出弹性 要素替代弹性 随机前沿生产函数 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]