再集体化:发达地区农村地权变革的逻辑  

Re-collectivization: Logic of Rural Land Right Reform in Developed Areas

作　　者：夏柱智 XIA Zhuzhi

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期24-32,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务基金项目“新时代构建中国特色渐进城镇化模式研究”(413000026)

摘　　要：由于多样化的制度创新,农地制度在全国范围内表现得多种多样,是制度变迁研究的核心议题。发达地区农村的地权变革实践超出现行提倡地权个体化的土地法律和政策范围,需要从理论上作出新的概括。实证研究表明典型发达地区农村普遍经历了地权"再集体化"变革的过程。不同地方由于条件不同,村社集体统合农地的主体也不同。北京农村表现为村级公司统合,珠三角农村表现为合作社统合,苏南农村表现为政府统合,由此形成了不同的地权关系和地权统合机制。这一变革具有综合性的效应,表现为提升农地利用效率,推动农村集体经济发展,促进乡村有效治理。地权再集体化的形成需要多重必要条件,其中:集体土地所有制是制度前提,这是社会主义改造确立的宪法意义上的土地制度;村庄内部"结平衡账"是治理基础,治理机制的优化促使农民普遍接受地权集体化;地方政府的支持是政治空间,推动着有效的制度创新不断扩散。在农业农村现代化不断推进的背景下,深化农村土地制度改革应当充分汲取发达地区经验,审视二十世纪八十年代以来的地权个体化改革的问题,从强化集体土地所有制、落实集体所有权层面找到完善农地制度的路径。Because of the diversity of institutional innovation,the farmland system is diversified in the whole country,which is the core issue of institutional change research. The practice of rural land right reform in developed areas is beyond the scope of land laws and policies which advocate land right individualization,so it needs to make a new generalization in theory. The empirical study shows that the rural areas in typical developed areas have generally experienced the process of land right "re-collectivization". Due to different conditions in different places,the main body of the collective integration of rural communities are different. The rural areas in Beijing are shown as the integration of village level companies,the rural areas in the Pearl River Delta are shown as the integration of cooperatives,and the rural areas in southern Jiangsu are shown as the integration of government,thus forming different land right relations and integration mechanisms. This change has a comprehensive effect,which is reflected in improving the efficiency of rural land use,promoting the development of rural collective economy,and promoting effective rural governance. The formation of land right re-collectivization needs multiple necessary conditions,among which: the collective land ownership is the system premise,which is the land system in the constitutional sense established by the socialist transformation;the "balance account"within the village is the governance basis,and the optimization of the governance mechanism urges the farmers to generally accept the land right collectivization;the support of the local government is the political space,which promotes spreading the effective system innovation. Under the background of agricultural and rural modernization,to deepen the reform of rural land system,we should fully draw on the experience of rural land system reform in developed areas,examine the experience of the reform of Meitan’s land right individualization since 1980 s,and find the way to improve the rural land system

关 键 词：再集体化 村社集体 农地制度 农村地权 发达地区 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]