从除魅到建构——苏尔科夫政治思想的历程与嬗变  

From Demystification to Construction: A Brief Introduction to the History and Evolution of Surkov’s Political Thought

作　　者：郝赫[1] Hao He

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所政治文化与社会研究室

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2020年第1期56-72,共17页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：作为俄罗斯最重要的政治思想家之一,苏尔科夫的思想理论深刻地影响着俄罗斯的制度建设与国家发展。纵观其思想历程,可以总结为三个比较明晰的发展阶段:第一阶段,2005年,随着普京在第二任期前后夯实了执政地位,苏尔科夫开始打造主权民主的治理理论,并促之成为了官方的政治意识形态;第二阶段开始于俄罗斯与西方爆发对立冲突的乌克兰危机,苏尔科夫展开了对俄罗斯之独特性与二元文明的探讨;第三阶段则是普京开启最后任期之际,苏尔科夫对普京道路进行了总结并极尽鼓吹,认为根植于俄罗斯特有的历史文化与民族特性中的普京道路,才是最适合也是必须遵循的俄罗斯未来发展之路。始于消除西式民主的“魅”,到最终完成对俄罗斯方案的话语建构,通过这三个阶段,苏尔科夫打造出了一套当今俄罗斯的意识形态体系,以此提供了“俄罗斯是谁”、“俄罗斯向何处去”的苏氏答案。As one of the most important political thinkers in Russia,Vladislav Surkov's thought and theory have a profound impact on Russia's institutional construction and national development.His ideological development can be summarized into three distinct phases.In the first stage,with Putin thoroughly consolidating his ruling position before and after his second term,Surkov began to elaborate the governance theory of sovereign democracy and made it the official political ideology since 2005;in the second stage,the ideological development originated from the conflict between Russia and the West due to the Ukrainian crisis,Surkov discussed the uniqueness and dual civilization of Russia;in the third stage,Putin begins his final term in office.Surkov summarizes and advocates Putin's road,believing that this road,which rooted in the unique history,culture and national characteristics of Russia,is the most suitable and necessary path for Russia's future development.Surkov has gone through a complete chain from demystification to construction,beginning with the elimination of the"charm"of western democracy,and finally completing the discourse construction of the Russian program.Surkov has built an ideological system of Russia itself today that provides the Surkov's answer to"who Russia is"and"where Russia is going".

关 键 词：苏尔科夫 主权民主 普京道路 深层人民 

分 类 号：D73/77.512.09[政治法律—政治学]