应俗的“礼文”:明代四六启的“礼文”属性及其价值探讨  

The “Etiquette Text” Adapted to Secular Society:The Attribute of “Etiquette Text” and the Value of the Parallel Letters in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：苗民[1] MIAO Min

机构地区：[1]华侨大学文学院

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第1期102-108,共7页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清骈文文献整理与研究”(18ZDA251)

摘　　要：在传统礼法社会,有一类文体是伴随礼制的需求而产生和发展的,其文体规范往往被列入官方礼典,文体本身也凸显仪式性特征,这类文体可名之为"礼文"。具体到明代,应用范围最广且应用频率最高的"礼文"即四六启。通过对官方礼制、社会习俗、士人交际方式等多维视角的考察,会发现四六启在明代社会发挥着难以替代的礼仪交际功能,且这种功能并不因程序化和套袭化而被削弱,彰显出"礼文"写作中"因袭"力量对"创新"力量的明显压制。这种情形,在文章学层面固然可理解为文体生命力的缺失,但在社会文化学的意义上却正是上层礼制在社会习俗层面得以践履的实证,体现出明代社会礼俗互动与"礼文"写作之间互为助力又互相颉颃的微妙关系。In the traditional ritual society,there is a kind of style that is produced and developed along with the needs of ritual system. This type of style can be called"ritual text". In the Ming Dynasty,the "ritual text"with the widest application range and the highest application frequency was the parallel letters. Through a multi-dimensional perspective on official rituals,social customs,and scholars’ communication methods,we will find that parallel letters plays an irreplaceable ritual communication function in the Ming Dynasty. And this function is not weakened by programmatic and nesting. This kind of situation can be understood as the lack of stylistic vitality in the essay level,but in the sense of social culture,it is the evidence that the upper ritual system can be practiced at the level of social customs. It reflects the subtle relationship between the custom and the writing of"ritual and literary"writing in the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 四六启 礼文 礼仪 礼义 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] I207.22[历史地理—中国史]