五轴机床加工零件轮廓误差预测方法  

Contour Error Prediction Method of Part for Five-Axis Machining

作　　者：吕盾[1] 刘青[1] 刘沛 汤洪涛 赵万华[1] 卢秉恒[1] LU Dun;LIU Qing;LIU Pei;TANG Hongtao;ZHAO Wanhua;LU Bingheng(State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710054,China;KEDE Numerical Control Co.Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning 116600,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710054 [2]科德数控股份有限公司,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2020年第2期9-15,共7页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775421);国家科技重大专项资助项目(2015ZX04001002)

摘　　要：研究了五轴机床进给轴实际位置预测方法和零件轮廓误差求解方法,在此基础上提出了五轴机床加工零件轮廓误差预测方法。机床进给轴实际位置的预测,通过辨识选定机床进给轴传递函数和读取待加工零件插补指令、将各轴指令输入各轴传递函数获得。零件轮廓误差的求解,通过正运动学变换求解工件坐标系下待加工零件的指令位置轨迹和实际位置轨迹、求解二者之间的轮廓误差来实现。以S形试件为加工零件,以科德KMC600S UMT五轴铣车立式复合加工中心为加工机床,预测了S缘条直纹面A的轮廓误差。刀尖位置误差和刀轴姿态误差引起的零件轮廓误差随着直纹面的位置变化,误差分别在0.04 mm和±7×10^-5 rad内。研究结果表明:建立的五轴机床加工零件轮廓误差预测方法,可以在加工前实现零件轮廓误差的精确预估,提前判断选定机床是否能够满足零件轮廓误差的要求,为优化加工参数、保证高速加工下的零件轮廓精度提供依据。The actual position prediction method of the feed shaft for five-axis machining and the solving scheme for part contour error were investigated,and a part contour error prediction method for five-axis machining was then proposed.The actual position prediction of the feed shaft was obtained by identifying the transfer function of the feed shaft for candidate machine tool,reading the interpolation instructions of the parts to be processed,and inputting the instructions of each axis into the transfer function of each axis.The solving scheme for the part contour error was realized by the forward kinematic transformation to the instruction position trajectory and the actual position trajectory of the part to be processed in the workpiece coordinate system,and the contour error between the above two trajectories was sought out.An S-shaped test piece was chosen as the processed part and the vertical composite machining center of KEDE KMC600S UMT five-axis turn-milling was considered as the machine tool to predict the contour error of S-edge strip ruled surface A.The A’s contour errors due to the tool tip position error and tool orientation error were within 0.04 mm and±7×10^-5 radians,respectively.The results show that the contour error prediction method of part for five-axis machining can be used for predicting the contour error of a part for a machine tool before machining,judging whether the chosen machine tool can meet the requirements of the part contour error in advance,and facilitating the optimization of the machining parameters to ensure the part contour precision during high speed machining.

关 键 词：五轴数控机床 轮廓误差 精度预测 S形试件 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]