滴灌棉田不同种植模式对棉花根区土壤盐分及出苗率的影响研究与数值模拟  

Numerical Simulations of Different Planting Patterns on Soil Salinity and Emergence Rate in Cotton Root Zone under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：李鑫鑫 刘洪光[1,2] 龚萍 何新林[1,2] 林恩 李开明[1,2] LI Xinxin;LIU Hongguang;GONG Ping;HE Xinlin;LIN En;LI Kaiming(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2020年第1期44-55,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51669029);国家“十三五”重点研发项目(2016YFC0501406)~~

摘　　要：为了探明膜下滴灌棉田不同种植模式对棉花根区土壤盐分及出苗率的影响规律,以田间试验为基础,控制出苗水灌水量,研究棉花根区土壤盐分的运移特征及出苗率,并建立HYDRUS土壤盐分运移模型,模拟1膜2管6行、1膜3管6行和1膜3管5行的种植模式下,在出苗水灌水量不同时,棉花根区土壤盐分的分布规律。结果表明:灌水后,膜孔处0~20 cm深度土壤盐的质量分数随蒸发时间延长而逐渐增高,威胁棉苗生长,且土壤盐质量分数与棉花出苗率呈线性负相关,棉花出苗时0~20 cm深度土壤盐质量分数的极限值、临界值、适宜值分别为6.81 g/kg、4.09 g/kg和2.28 g/kg;1膜3管6行种植模式下,当出苗水灌水量为1125~1275 m^3/hm^2时,可以兼顾保苗、节水的目标,是合理的机采棉种植模式。Based on field experiments,this paper studied the relationships of soil salt movement in the cotton root zone and the seedling survival rate by controlling the irrigation amount at seedling emergence.A Hydrus soil salt movement model was used to simulate the soil salt distribution in the cotton root zone with different irrigation amounts at seedling emergence for three planting patterns,including one-film-two-tubes-and-six-rows,one-film-three-tubes-and-six-rows and one-film-three-tubes-and-five-rows.The results show that,after irrigation,the soil salt mass fraction at a depth of 0-20 cm at the film holes gradually increased with evaporation times,threatening seedling growth and the soil salt mass fraction was negatively related to the cotton emergence rate.When cotton emerged,the limit,critical and suitable values of soil salt mass fraction at the depth of 0-20 cm were 6.81,4.09 and 2.28 g/kg respectively.Under the planting pattern of 1 film,3 tubes and 6 rows,when the irrigation amount at seedling emergence was 1125-1275 m^3/hm^2,the goal of seedling conservation and water saving was achieved.This planting pattern represents a reasonable choice for machine cotton-harvesting.

关 键 词：滴灌棉田 种植模式 根区盐分 出苗率 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]